共享资源:各地著作权法规/马绍尔群岛

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This page is a translated version of a page Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Marshall Islands and the translation is 94% complete. Changes to the translation template, respectively the source language can be submitted through Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Marshall Islands and have to be approved by a translation administrator.

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的馬紹爾群島版權規則。請注意,任何源自馬紹爾群島的作品在上傳到Wikimedia Commons之前必須在馬紹爾群島和美國處於公共領域,或在免費許可下可用。如果對來自馬紹爾群島的作品的版權狀況有任何疑問,請參閱相關法律進行澄清。

管辖法律

馬紹爾群島於1592年被西班牙宣稱擁有主權。西班牙於1885年將它們賣給德國,它們成為德屬新幾內亞的一部分。這些島嶼在第一次世界大戰期間被日本佔領,並於1920年成為日本南太平洋託管地的一部分。這些島嶼於1944年被美國占領,並正式成為太平洋島嶼託管領土的一部分。1979年,他們在與美國的自由聯合契約中完全獨立。

馬紹爾群島是若干條約的締約方,其中包含與知識產權相關的小條款,儘管其中大部分似乎涉及與維基共享資源託管的作品類型無關的特定和小問題。例如,糧食和農業植物遺傳資源國際條約指出來自條約締約方的外國種子的接收者不得主張任何限制便利獲取糧食和農業植物遺傳資源的知識產權或其他權利。[1]

截至2018年,聯合國機構世界知識產權組織沒有列出馬紹爾群島立法機關除未經授權之外的任何知識產權法律。1991年記錄材料副本法。[1] 截至2010年,該法案之外沒有知識產權/版權立法[2]太平洋島嶼法律信息研究所持有該法案的副本。[3]

一般规则

《1991年未經授權的錄音材料複製法》禁止未經授權的銷售、複製/轉讓以銷售/盈利,或僅用於商業用途(例如以盈利為目的的公開表演)。 該法案在以下情況下不適用:[1991 §204]

  • 擁有主光盤/電影/唱片/等的人不是馬紹爾群島的公民;
  • 主錄音或視聽作品“並非在馬紹爾群島創作、原創、製作或以其他方式錄製”;
  • 複製的作品“旨在或與向公眾免費提供的無線電或電視廣播傳輸有關,或用於歷史、文化或檔案保存或相關目的”;
  • 作品複製僅供個人使用,“無意利用此類複製進行商業利用”。

如果所列的四項豁免與馬紹爾群島批准的任何國際條約(無論是否特別側重於知識產權)的文本相矛盾,則它們將不適用。

缺乏條約

Copyright notes

Copyright notes
Per U.S. Circ. 38a, the following countries are not participants in the Berne Convention or 世界版权公约 and there is no presidential proclamation restoring U.S. copyright protection to works of these countries on the basis of reciprocal treatment of the works of U.S. nationals or domiciliaries:
  • East Timor, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Marshall Islands, Palau, Somalia, Somaliland, and South Sudan.

As such, works published by citizens of these countries in these countries are usually not subject to copyright protection outside of these countries. Hence, such works may be in the public domain in most other countries worldwide.

However:

  • Works published in these countries by citizens or permanent residents of other countries that are signatories to the Berne Convention or any other treaty on copyright will still be protected in their home country and internationally as well as locally by local copyright law (if it exists).
  • Similarly, works published outside of these countries within 30 days of publication within these countries will also usually be subject to protection in the foreign country of publication. When works are subject to copyright outside of these countries, the term of such copyright protection may exceed the term of copyright inside them.
  • Unpublished works from these countries may be fully copyrighted.
  • A work from one of these countries may become copyrighted in the United States under the URAA if the work's home country enters a copyright treaty or agreement with the United States and the work is still under copyright in its home country.

Marshall Islands has enacted Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991 which came into force on 30 September 1991, it grants some Marshallese works limited, internal, intellectual property rights over sound and audio-visual recordings only.

全景自由

快捷方式

参见:共享资源:全景自由

可以 on a high level, probably  不可以 if reproducted as audiovisual works [citation needed?]. The only "copyright protections" provided by the Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991 does not extend to any architectural or artistic works, or other type of permanently placed works, so any photograph reproductions of them are just considered acceptable, just use {{PD-Marshall Islands}} if and when appropriate.

引用

  1. a b Marshall Islands Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights)[1], WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization, 2018
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20101211183050/http://www.pifnet.ib.wipo.net/page_mh/pifnet_mh_info.htm
  3. Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991.
注意:上述描述可能不准确,不完整或过时,因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前,您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见:共享资源:免责声明