Commons:風景の自由/アジア

パノラマの自由
アフリカ‌アメリカ州‌アジア‌ヨーロッパ‌オセアニア‌Others

このページには風景の自由の規則のまとめをアジアのさまざまな国家や領土について示します。別途、それぞれの地域ごとに規則を述べたページを設け、ここに「参照読み込み」してあります。

アジア諸国

COM:FOP Azerbaijan
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アゼルバイジャン

  , non-commercial only: {{NoFoP-Azerbaijan}}

According to the Copyright law of 1996 as amended up to Law No. 636-IVQD of April 30, 2013,

• The following shall be permitted without the consent of the author ... to reproduce, in order to present current events by means of photography or cinematography, broadcasting, cablecasting or other public communication of works seen or heard in the course of such events to the extent justified by the informational purpose.^{[636-IVQD/2013 Article 19.4]}
• The reproduction, or public communication of architectural works, photographic works and works of fine art permanently located in a public place shall be permissible without the author's or other copyright owner’s consent and without paying author’s remuneration, except where the presentation of the work constitutes the main feature of the said reproduction, or public communication, if it is used for commercial purposes.^{[636-IVQD/2013 Article 20]}

Per Commons:Licensing, noncommercial licensing is not allowed on Wikimedia Commons, hence "not OK".

COM:FOP Afghanistan
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アフガニスタン

情報がありません

COM:FOP United Arab Emirates
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アラブ首長国連邦

   {{NoFoP-UAE}}

Note: Please tag Emirati no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:United Arab Emirates FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>

There is no usable FoP provision in the copyright law of the UAE (Federal Law #1 of 1972, Federal Law #15 of 1980, Federal Law #40 of 1992, and Federal Law (32) 2006). UAE copyright law as of 2006 discusses an FoP like provision, but it is restricted to "broadcasts".

• The author must not prohibit a third person from performing one of the following acts ... Presenting fine arts, applied and plastic arts or architectural works in broadcasting programmes, if such works are permanently present in public places.^{[7/2002 Article 22.7]}

See Commons talk:Freedom of panorama/Archive 6#Update: UAE FoP situation under dispute for a discussion on FoP in the UAE.

Note: "Copyright protection expires 50 years after the death of the original author (who may be the architect, sculptor, or muralist) of a public artistic work of the United Arab Emirates. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 51st Year), freely-licensed images of the author's sculptures, buildings, murals, or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for sovereign states with no formal FOP legal rights since the author's works are now copyright free."

COM:FOP Armenia
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アルメニア

• ◯   for sculptures: {{FoP-Armenia}}
• ◯   for buildings and models of buildings: {{FoP-Armenia}}
• ◯   for other art works (paintings, graphics, design and other works of fine arts, works of applied decorative art and stage graphics. maps, plans, sketches and plastic works related to geography, topography, geology, urban planning, architecture and other sciences.{{FoP-Armenia}}

The version of the copyright law provided by WIPO states, "It is allowed to reproduce, broadcast for non-commercial purposes an architectural, photographic or fine art work located in places open to the public without the consent of the author and the payment of author's remuneration".^{[2013 Article 25(d)]} However, an amendment effective late April 2013 removed the restriction on commercial use, and says, "Works which are located on streets, parks, squares and other places open for attendance can be reproduced and broadcasted, and reproduced copies can be distributed, including through internet, without permission of the author and without payment to the author, in any tangible medium and by any means and in any form".^{[2013 Article 25(d) amended]}.

COM:FOP Yemen
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イエメン

情報がありません

COM:FOP Israel
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イスラエル

◯  . {{FoP-Israel}}

Section 23 of the 2007 Copyright Act states that "Broadcasting, or copying by way of photography, drawing, sketch or similar visual description, of an architectural work, a work of sculpture or work of applied art, are permitted where the aforesaid work is permanently situated in a public place."

According to Dr Sarah Presenti, an Israeli copyright lawyer, the scope of the term "work of applied art" in Israel is broader than the equivalent term in Commonwealth jurisdictions. Presenti suggests that "it includes art work (like adverts, advertising, maps etc.) which transfers useful information" and that "it does not matter if it is 2D or 3D as long as it is a work of art that is meant to deliver useful information. Therefore, an artistic work created for artistic purpose is by no means applied art (e.g. painting)."

COM:FOP Iraq
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イラク

  : Under the 2004 revision to Iraq's Copyright Law No. 3,

• The protection shall include the works whose method of expression is in writing, sound, drawing, painting or movement, and in particular the following: ... Works entered under the arts of drawing and painting with lines and colors, engraving, sculpture and architecture.^{[83/2004 Art. 2(4)]}
• Without the written permission of the author or his/her successors, no person shall do any of the following acts: ... Reproduce a work in any manner or form, whether transitory or permanent, including onto photographic (including cinematographic) film or onto a digital or electronic storage medium.^{[83/2004 Art. 8(1)]}

COM:FOP Iran
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イラン

情報がありません

COM:FOP India
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インド

情報がありません

COM:FOP Indonesia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

インドネシア

情報がありません

COM:FOP Uzbekistan
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ウズベキスタン

  : Only incidental reproduction for non-commercial purposes is allowed.

The law allows without consent of the author or other legal owner, and without payment of remuneration the reproduction, on-air transmission or cable transmission of architectural works, photos, visual art works that are permanently located in a place open for free attendance. This rule does not extend to cases when the representation of work is the basic subject of such reproduction, on-air transmission or cable transmission, as well as in case, when the representation of work is used for commercial purpose.^{[LRU-476/2018 Article 28]}

COM:FOP Egypt
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エジプト

◯   even for 2-D artworks. {{FoP-Egypt}}

According to Article 171 of Law No. 82 of 2002:

• Without prejudice to the moral rights of the author, pursuant to the provisions of the law herein, the author may not prevent third parties, after the publication of his work, from undertaking any of the following acts: ...^{[82/2002 Article 171]}
• Make a single copy of the work for one's exclusive personal use, provided that such a copy shall not hamper the normal exploitation of the work nor cause undue prejudice to the legitimate interests of the author or copyright holders;

However, the author or his successor may, after the publication of the work, prevent third parties from carrying out any of the following acts without his authorization:

• Reproduction or copying works of fine, applied or plastic arts, unless they were displayed in a public place, or works of architecture; ...^{[82/2002 Article 171(2)]}

By expressly denying the copyright holder the ability to enforce his copyright on works "displayed in a public place, or works of architecture" freedom of panorama for these items is implied. "Applied art" means art incorporated into useful articles. Plastic arts are three dimensional artworks. Fine arts are painting, photography, and sculpture, so Egypt's FOP is relatively broad, covering everything except text.

COM:FOP Oman
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オマーン

   Under Royal Decree No. 65/2008, protected works include "Works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, lithography, printing on fabric, wood or metals, and any similar works in fine arts.^{[2008 Article 2(g)]}

Article 20, which covers Free Uses of Works, makes no exemption for freedom of panorama.^{[2008 Article 20]}

COM:FOP Kazakhstan
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カザフスタン

   Only incidental, non-commercial use is allowed.

It shall be allowed, without consent of the author or owner of the right and without paying out royalties, to reproduce, to broadcast and (or) communicate for general information via cable of works of architecture, photography, fine arts, that are permanently located in the place open for free access, except for cases when the image of the work is the main object of such reproduction, broadcasting and (or) communication for general information via cable, or when the image of the work is used for commercial purposes. ^{[419/2015 Article 21]}

COM:FOP Qatar
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カタール

  . For noncommercial purposes of personal use and illustration through teaching only. Under Chapter V, "Restrictions on Copyright and Neighboring Rights":

(1) using the work exclusively for personal use, through reproduction, translation, quotation, musical arrangement, acting, broadcast listening, television viewing, photography or by any other means; ^{[7/2002 Article 18]}

(2) using the work by way of illustration for teaching, through publications, broadcasts, sound or visual recordings, films or by any other means, to the extent justified by the purpose, provided that the use is non­profit making and the source and the name of the author are indicated. ^{[7/2002 Article 18]}

COM:FOP Cambodia
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カンボジア

情報がありません

COM:FOP Cyprus
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キプロス

◯   {{FoP-Cyprus}}

The WIPO version of Copyright Laws 1976 to 1993, section 7(2), includes exception (c): "the reproduction and distribution of copies of any artistic work permanently situated in a place where it may be viewed by the public;"

COM:FOP Kyrgyzstan
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キルギス

 Not OK: Non-commercial use only

• Copyright does not prevent reporting of current events by means of photography, broadcasting or communication to the public by cable, with the works that are seen or heard in the course of such events, to the extent justified by the purpose of reproduction or communication of information.^{[2017 Article 19(5)]}
• The law allows free use of works permanently located in public places by reproduction, broadcasting or cable communication to the public without the author's consent and without payment of royalties, including works of art, photography and architecture, except when the work is the main subject of the reproduction, broadcasting or cable communication to the public or the reproduction is used for commercial purposes.^{[2017 Article 21]}

COM:FOP Kuwait
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クウェート

情報がありません

COM:FOP Saudi Arabia
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サウジアラビア

情報がありません

COM:FOP Georgia
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ジョージア

   Images cannot be used if a protected work is the main subject or it is used for commercial purposes.

It shall be permitted to reproduce or communicate to the public without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without remuneration thereof images of works of architecture, photography, and fine arts permanently displayed in public places, except for the cases when the image of a work is the main object for such reproduction or communication to the public, or is used for commercial purposes.^{[2112-IIS/2017 Article 24]}

COM:FOP Syria
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シリア

情報がありません

COM:FOP Singapore
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

シンガポール

情報がありません

COM:FOP Sri Lanka
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スリランカ

   The prevailing Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003 does not provide any freedom of panorama clause. The exceptions at Section 11 only deal with U.S.-style "fair use" like criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.^{[36/2003 Section 11]}

The now-repealed Code of Intellectual Property Act, No. 52 of 1979 had a limited freedom of panorama for films and television broadcasts only, as long as the source and name of the author of the works of art and architecture "permanently located in a place where they can be viewed by the public" were mentioned in the films or television broadcasts.^{[52/1979 Section 13(d)]}

Sri Lankan copyright law was revised 2001–2003, dropping any direct reference to anything resembling "freedom of panorama". Still the legal right of the repealed law would not be compatible to Wikimedia Commons as it was for films and television broadcasts only, excluding photographs.

COM:FOP Thailand
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タイ王国

◯   {{FoP-Thailand}}

The Thai Copyright Act of B.E. 2537 (A.D. 1994) states that:

• A drawing, painting, construction, engraving, moulding, carving, lithographing, photographing, cinematographing, video broadcasting or any similar act of an artistic work, except an architectural work, which is openly located in a public place shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the artistic work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.37]}
• A drawing, painting, engraving, moulding, carving, lithographing, photographing, cinematographing or video broadcasting of an architectural work shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the architectural work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.38]}

For artistic works that are not situated in public spaces (not "openly located in a public place"), these can only be photographed freely if de minimis:

• A photograph or cinematograph or video broadcast of a work of which an artistic work is a component shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the artistic work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.39]}
• Note that artistic work as defined by Section 4 of the law does not include works of literature. On the other hand, architecture as defined in the same section includes "design of buildings or constructions, a design of interior or exterior decoration as well as a landscape design or a creation of a model of buildings or constructions." It can be interpreted that elegant bridges are works of architecture that fall under the freedom of panorama, through the element "constructions."

According to several Thai Wikimedians, the Thai text of Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994) gives a more comprehensive clause, containing permanence requirement. (Reference: Commons:Deletion requests/File:Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti poster for mother's milk.jpg)

See also: Category:Thai FOP cases。

COM:FOP Tajikistan
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タジキスタン

  . Under the the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to 2009), only incidental and non-commercial use is allowed:

• It is permitted without the consent of the author or other owner of the copyright rights and without payment of author's remuneration, to reproduce and broadcast by radio or cable for general information architecture works, photography and graphic arts which are permanently located in a public place, apart from cases where the work is the main subject, or where the image is used for commercial purposes.^{[2009 Article 21]}

COM:FOP Turkmenistan
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トルクメニスタン

  . Only allowed for incidental, non-commercial use. Under Law No. 257-IV of January 10, 2012, permitted use includes:

• Reproduction, broadcasting or communication to the public by cable of works of architecture, photography or fine art permanently located in a place open to public access, except when the image of the work is the main subject or it is used for commercial purposes;^{[2012 Article 19(7)]}

COM:FOP Türkiye
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

トルコ

情報がありません

COM:FOP Nepal
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

ネパール

情報がありません

COM:FOP Pakistan
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パキスタン

◯   {{FoP-Pakistan}}

According to the Copyright Ordinance, 1962 as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance, 2000, "The following acts shall not constitute an infringement of copyright ... the making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of a sculpture or other artistic work if such work is permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access.^{[XXXIV/2000 Section 57(s)]}

COM:FOP Bangladesh
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バングラデシュ

◯   for architecture, sculptures, and works of artistic craftsmanship: {{FoP-Bangladesh}}

 Not OK for other types of artistic works.

According to the 2000 Copyright Act of Bangladesh, copyright is not infringed by,

• The making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of architecture or the display of a work of architecture.^{[28/2000 Section 72(19)]};
• The making or publishing of painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of a sculpture or other artistic work falling under section 36(c), if such work is permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access.^{[28/2000 Section 72(20)]};
• The inclusion in a cinematograph film of (i) any artistic work permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access; or ii) any other artistic work, if such inclusion is only by way of background or is otherwise incidental to the principal matters represented in the film.^{[28/2000 Section 72(21)]};

Under 2000 Copyright Act of Bangladesh, the "artistic works" are enumerated as: (a) a painting, a sculpture, a drawing (including a diagram, map, chart or plan), an engraving or a photograph whether or not any such work possesses artistic quality; (b) a work of architecture; and (c) any other work of artistic craftsmanship.^{[28/2000 Section 2(36)]} Thus the Bangladeshi freedom of panorama only applies to works of architecture, sculptures, and works of artistic craftsmanship "permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access."

As expected in most of the former British colonies, the Bangladeshi law is modelled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See the COM:FOP United Kingdom for more details.

COM:FOP Bahrain
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バーレーン

   {{NoFoP-Bahrain}}, Only non-commercial use is allowed. Under Law No. 22 of 2006,

• It shall be permissible, without a permission from the author and without payment of a compensation but subject to the condition of mentioning the author’s name, to transmit works of fine, applied, plastic or architectural arts to the public through radio broadcasts for non-commercial purposes if such works are permanently displayed at public places.^{[22/2006 Article 25]}
• Copyright expires after 70 calendar years from the death of author or last surviving author (Joint work).^{[22/2006 Article 37–38]}

COM:FOP Philippines
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フィリピン

   for majority of the works of art. {{NoFoP-Philippines}}

Note: Please tag Philippine no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:Philippine FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>

There is no provision in any of the exceptions listed under Chapter VIII ("Limitations on copyright") of the IP Code of the Philippines (Act No. 8293) (2015 Edition) allowing images of copyrighted architectural and artistic works to be made and/or distributed for commercial purposes, such as post cards, stamps, calendars, advertising materials, and T-shirt printing.^{[8293/2015 Chapter VIII Section 184–190]}

According to the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines, street art is "qualifiable for copyright protection" per the copyright law. Accordingly, the artists "enjoy economic rights, which involves generation of profit from others' use, reproduction, or any transformation of their work for commercial purposes. Another right enjoyed by a copyright holder are moral rights or the rights of an author to proper attribution, to make any alterations on his or her works, to withhold or deny publication, and to object to any modifications or mutilation to his or her work."

Section 184 of Chapter VIII provides the following acts as not constituting copyright infringement:^{[8293/2015 Chapter VIII Section 184.1]}

(d) The reproduction and communication to the public of literary, scientific or artistic works as part of reports of current events by means of photography, cinematography or broadcasting to the extent necessary for the purpose; (Sec. 12, P.D. No. 49)

(e) The inclusion of a work in a publication, broadcast, or other communication to the public, sound recording or film, if such inclusion is made by way of illustration for teaching purposes and is compatible with fair use: Provided, That the source and of the name of the author, if appearing in the work, are mentioned.

None of these provisions are strictly free enough for Wikimedia Commons. In particular, fair use is not allowed on Wikimedia Commons, and licensing limited to noncommercial uses is not allowed either.

Recent developments

See meta:Pilipinas Panorama Community/Freedom of Panorama#Recent developments for the recent developments concerning the attempt to introduce freedom of panorama in the country.

Public domain exceptions for FoP-reliant works

◯  : Buildings completed prior to November 14, 1972: {{PD-Philippines-FoP work}}. The previous copyright laws, the Spanish Law on Intellectual Property (1879) and Act No. 3134 (1924, which followed the U.S. copyright law), did not protect buildings. On November 14, 1972, Presidential Decree No. 49 took effect which formally protected works of architecture and made works copyright-protected upon creation, removing copyright registration formalities. See also the following discussions: Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2020/08#Philippine buildings before 1972 and Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2021/06#Philippine buildings from 1951–1972 - anew.

◯  : Artistic works (e.g. sculptures) made before 1972 that were not registered, and artistic works made before 1942 that were once registered but not renewed: {{PD-Philippines-FoP work}}. Act No. 3134, the then-prevailing copyright law, required registration and a notice for a work to be copyright-protected. Such requirements were removed by Presidential Decree No. 49 s. 1972. Works were considered not protected by copyright unless these were registered, and the term of copyright was 30 years from the date of registration. See also Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Bonifacio National Monument (Caloocan City)#Files in Category:Bonifacio National Monument (Caloocan City) 2.

◯  : literary texts on commemorative markers from the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and its predecessors: {{WorkDepicted-PD-PhilippinesGov}}. See also this deletion request.

General copyright term for all architectural and artistic works: Copyright protection expires 50 years after the death of the original or last-surviving author (whether the architect, sculptor, painter, or other artist). On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 51st Year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, buildings, bridges or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Philippine freedom of panorama is no longer relevant here since the author's works are now copyright free.

See also: Category:Philippine FOP cases。

COM:FOP Brunei
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ブルネイ

◯   for 3D works and works of artistic craftsmanship = {{FoP-Brunei}}.

   for 2D graphic works.

Under the Emergency (Copyright) Order, 1999 of Brunei Darussalam,

• It is not a copyright infringement to make graphic representations, take photographs, broadcast the images of buildings, sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship given that the object is permanently situated in a public place, nor to reproduce aforementioned works to the public.^{[1999 Section 66]}
• "Work of artistic craftsmanship" is defined separately from "graphic work".^{[1999 Section 6]} "Graphic work" includes any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart or plan, and any engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut or similar work.^{[1999 Section 6]} These works are not covered by the Section 66 exception.^{[1999 Section 66]}

COM:FOP Bhutan
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

ブータン

情報がありません

COM:FOP Vietnam
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

ベトナム

情報がありません

COM:FOP Malaysia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

マレーシア

情報がありません

COM:FOP မြန်မာပြည်
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

Template:မြန်မာပြည်

COM:FOP Maldives
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

モルディブ

  . The relevant section of the The Copyright & Related Rights Act (Law 23 of 2010), "Section 17: Reproduction, broadcasting and other communication to the public for informatory purposes" does not contain any language that indicates freedom of panorama.^{[23/2010 Section 17]}

COM:FOP Mongolia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

モンゴル国

◯   for works of architecture and sculptures.    for blueprints and architectural models (free use only for building restoration).    for 2D works, no indication that the exception extends to murals and other graphic works. Applicable template: {{FoP-Mongolia}}.

Article 46 of the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights provides for freedom of panorama.

Freedom of panorama was previously interpreted to not exist in Mongolia according to the now-repealed 2006 Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights, which only allowed for incidental inclusion of works in public spaces for reporting purposes, while also providing conditions similar to United States fair use conditions. This was superseded by the May 6, 2021 law.

The amended law's Article 46 states that Structures, statues and architectural works may be exploited in the following conditions without the authorization of or compensation to the author or right holder^{[2021, Article 46.1]}:

• to display them to public by making a duplication of the works of architecture, fine arts and statues located in public places permanently, and by painting, filming or photographing them.^{[2021, Article 46.1.1]} This shall not grant a right to reproduce an identical structure, statue or architectural creation directly or indirectly for commercial purposes.^{[2021, Article 46.1.2]}
• the exploitation of architectural drawings/blueprints, models, and schemes for restoration of such buildings and facilities.^{[2021, Article 46.2]}

COM:FOP Jordan
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

ヨルダン

情報がありません

COM:FOP Laos
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

ラオス

  . Law No. 38/NA of November 15, 2017, on Intellectual Property allows only incidental use:

• "reproducing, by photography or cinematography, images of works of fine art, photographs, and other artistic works, and works of applied art, provided such works have already been published, publicly displayed, or communicated to the public, where such reproduction is incidental to the photographic or cinematographic work and is not the object of the photographic or cinematographic work."^{[38/NA/2017 Article 115.3]}
• "For the purpose of reporting current events by means of photography, cinematography, broadcasting or communication to the public by wire, literary or artistic works seen or heard in the course of the event may, to the extent justified by the informatory purpose, be reproduced and made available to the public. The above acts shall not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and shall not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author."^{[38/NA/2017 Article 115]}

COM:FOP Lebanon
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

レバノン

情報がありません

COM:FOP Russia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

ロシア

情報がありません

COM:FOP 中国 / 中國
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

中国

情報がありません

COM:FOP South Korea
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

大韓民国

情報がありません

COM:FOP Japan
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

日本

情報がありません

COM:FOP North Korea
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

朝鮮民主主義人民共和国

情報がありません

COM:FOP East Timor
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

東ティモール

◯   under the new Code of Copyright and Related Rights of 2022: {{FoP-East Timor}}.

The previous law applicable for East Timor, the 1982 Indonesian Copyright Law, did not provide a suitable freedom of panorama for free uses of images of copyrighted artistic works and architecture in public spaces.

Under the new Code of Copyright and Related Rights (2022), a freedom of panorama legal right is provided that is apparently based on Portuguese model:

• The use of works, such as, for example, works of architecture or sculpture, made to be kept permanently in public places;
• Original (Portuguese) text: A utilização de obras, como, por exemplo, obras de arquitetura ou escultura, feitas para serem mantidas permanentemente em locais públicos;^{[2022/Article 129(2)(o)]}

限定認識

COM:FOP Abkhazia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

アブハジア

  . Only incidental, non-commercial use allowed. Under the 2006 Law on Copyright and Related Rights,

• It is allowed without the consent of the author and without paying the author's fee to reproduce, broadcast or communicate to the public by cable of works of architecture, photography or fine art which are permanently located in a place open to the public, except when the image of the work is the main object such reproduction, transmission or broadcast to the public by cable or when the image of the work is used for commercial purposes.^{[2006 Art.21]}

COM:FOP فلسطين / Palestine
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

Template:فلسطين / Palestine

COM:FOP 中華民國
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

Template:中華民國

COM:FOP Northern Cyprus
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

北キプロス・トルコ共和国

◯  : 1911 U.K. copyright law still applies in Northern Cyprus (source) which allows Freedom of Panorama.

See also: Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2023/02#FoP status of Northern Cyprus

COM:FOP South Ossetia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

南オセチア

  , non-commercial use only if the work is the main subject of the reproduction. However, it should be OK if the work is not the main subject of the photograph or video.

• It is allowed without the consent of the author or other holder of rights, and without payment of royalties, to reproduce, broadcast or transmit by cable works of architecture, photography, and fine art which are permanently located in a place open to public access, unless the image of the work is the main object such reproduction, broadcasting or transmission by cable or when the image of the work is used for commercial purposes.^{[2012 Art.21]}

その他の地域

COM:FOP Akrotiri and Dhekelia
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

アクロティリおよびデケリア

詳細: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Cyprus#FOP

COM:FOP British Indian Ocean Territory
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

イギリス領インド洋地域

詳細: Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom/ja#FOP

COM:FOP Macau
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

マカオ

◯   {{FoP-Macao}}

• It is legal, without the consent of the author ... To make copies by photography, videography, cinematography or other analogous means, of works of art placed in public places.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 61(l)]}
• However, the free use of a protected work must not prevent its normal economic exploitation nor unjustifiably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 62(l)]}
• The reproductions allowed under article 61 should not be confused with the original works by those who use them, and the reproduction or citation cannot be so extensive as to detract from the interest in those works.^{[43/99/M/2012 Article 62(3)]}

COM:FOP Hong Kong
から参照読み込みされたテキスト

香港

情報がありません

一部アジアにある

パノラマの自由
アフリカ‌アメリカ州‌アジア‌ヨーロッパ‌オセアニア‌Others

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