File:Food sources of vitamin D (vitamin D-rich foods).pdf

English: About 37.1% of foods contained vitamin D (also known as calciferol). On the basis of the proposed method, the average (%) of foods containing appropriate vitamin D levels in food groups was 5.21%, of which 2.86% was the average of vitamin D source (good source of vitamin D) foods, and 2.35% was the average of high vitamin D (excellent source of vitamin D) foods. Finfish and shellfish products with 47.93%, baby foods with 20.18%, dairy and egg products with 16.46%, American Indian/Alaska Native foods with 11.76%, legumes and legume products with 10.98%, beverages with 9.09%, and breakfast cereals with 8.89% had the highest averages of foods containing appropriate vitamin D levels. Most foods containing appropriate vitamin D levels in seven food groups (baby foods; beverages; breakfast cereals; dairy and egg products; fruits and fruit juices; legumes and legume products; meals, entrees, and side dishes) were allocated to vitamin D-fortified foods. Foods containing appropriate vitamin D levels were not found in 12 food groups (baked products; beef products; cereal grains and pasta; fast foods; nut and seed products; poultry products; restaurant foods; sausages and luncheon meats; snacks; soups, sauces, and gravies; spices and herbs; sweets) and were few in six food groups (pork products; lamb, veal, and game products; fruits and fruit juices; fats and oils; vegetables and vegetable products; meals, entrees, and side dishes).

The highest amounts of vitamin D were found in cod liver oil, halibut, carp, eel, mushrooms (exposed to ultraviolet), salmon, trout, mackerel, swordfish, wild channel catfish, whitefish, steelhead trout, pompano, sturgeon, snapper, cisco (fish), malted milk drink (vitamin D-fortified), bluefin tuna, sea bass, infant or child formula (vitamin D-fortified), American shad, herring (except kippered or pickled), rockfish, sardine, milk (vitamin D-fortified), protein shake (vitamin D-fortified), breakfast cereal (vitamin D-fortified), tilapia, nutrition shake (vitamin D-fortified), tofu (vitamin D-fortified), perch, buttermilk (vitamin D-fortified), flatfish (flounder and sole species), egg yolk, soy milk (vitamin D-fortified), kefir (vitamin D-fortified), northern pike, almond milk drink (vitamin D-fortified), orange juice (vitamin D-fortified), pasta in tomato and cheese sauce (vitamin D-fortified), coconut milk drink (vitamin D-fortified), rice milk drink (vitamin D-fortified), yogurt (vitamin D-fortified), soy yogurt (vitamin D-fortified), and milkshakes (vitamin D-fortified).

Suggested citation: Forouzesh, Abed; Forouzesh, Fatemeh; Samadi Foroushani, Sadegh; Forouzesh, Abolfazl. A new method for calculating vitamin D content and determining appropriate vitamin D levels in foods. SSRN 2022. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4133658