কমন্স:অঞ্চল অনুযায়ী কপিরাইট নিয়মাবলী/অস্ট্রেলিয়া
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কপিরাইট নিয়মাবলী: অস্ট্রেলিয়া সংক্ষিপ্ত: COM:অস্ট্রেলিয়া | |
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| স্থিতিকাল | |
|---|---|
| মানক | জীবনকাল + ৭০ বছর |
| নামবিহীন | প্রকাশকাল + ৭০ বছর |
| সরকার | সৃষ্টি + ৫০ বছর |
| অন্য | |
| প্যানোরামার স্বাধীনতা | For 3D works and "works of artistic craftsmanship" |
| চুক্তি | |
| বার্ন কনভেনশন | ১৪ এপ্রিল ১৯২৮ |
| ডব্লিউটিও সদস্য | ১ জানুয়ারি ১৯৯৫ |
| ইউআরএএ পুনরুদ্ধারের তারিখ ১ | ১ জানুয়ারি ১৯৯৬ |
| ডব্লিউআইপিও চুক্তি | ২৬ জুলাই ২০০৭ |
| ১A work is usually protected in the US if it is a type of work copyrightable in the US, published after 31 December ১৯২৮ and protected in the country of origin on the URAA date. | |
এই পাতায় অস্ট্রেলিয়ার কপিরাইট নিয়মাবলীর উপর আলোকপাত করা হল, যা উইকিমিডিয়া কমন্সে কোন সৃজনমূলক কাজ আপলোড করার জন্য প্রাসঙ্গিক। লক্ষ্য করুন যে, অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় সৃষ্ট কোন সৃষ্টিকর্ম উইকিমিডিয়া কমন্সে আপলোড করতে হলে তা অবশ্যই অস্ট্রেলিয়া ও মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র উভয় দেশে পাবলিক ডোমেইনে থাকতে হবে অথবা মুক্ত লাইসেন্সের আওতায় উপলব্ধ হতে হবে। অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় সৃষ্ট কোন সৃষ্টিকর্মের কপিরাইট অবস্থা নিয়ে কোন সন্দেহ থাকলে ব্যাখ্যার জন্য সংশ্লিষ্ট আইনগুলো দেখুন।
Governing laws
Australia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 14 April 1928, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995, and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 26 July 2007.[1] As of 2018, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (consolidated as of 22 December 2017) as the main intellectual property law enacted by the federal legislature of Australia.[1] WIPO holds in their WIPO Lex database the text of this law[2] and the text of the individual acts that have modified the 1968 act.[1]
বেসরকারি কাজ
The Copyright Act 1968 was amended as of 1 January 2005 and further amended in February 2008. Prior to these amendments the time limit was 50 years. The amendments were not retroactive; copyrights that had expired were not revived.
The act (consolidated as of 22 December 2017) has the following provisions:
- Australian copyright is applied to works published first in Australia or whose original author is/was an Australian citizen, Australian resident or person under protection of the Australian government.
- Subject to this section, copyright that subsists in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work by virtue of this Part continues to subsist until the end of 70 years after the end of the calendar year in which the author of the work died.[1968–2017 Sec.33(2)]
- For posthumous works, copyright subsists until the end of 70 years after the end of the calendar year in which the work is first published, performed in public, or broadcast, or records of the work are first offered or exposed for sale to the public, whichever is the earliest of those events to happen.[1968–2017 Sec.33(3)]
- For anonymous or pseudonymous works, the copyright expires 70 years after the first publication of the work.[1968–2017 Sec.34]
As a consequence, the following apply:
- All published works whose author died before 1 January 1955 are in the public domain.
- Moreover, since works that went out of copyright before the change of the law in 2005 did not regain copyright, all published works whose author died before 1 January 1955 are in the public domain, since they went out of copyright before the new law came into effect. Copyright is lost at the start of the next year; therefore, works of authors who died in 1955 will not be out of copyright until 2026.
- All anonymous or pseudonymous works published before 1 January 1955 are in the public domain.
- Unpublished works are not in the public domain.
- Photographs (published or unpublished) taken before 1 January 1955 are in the public domain.
Government works
আরও দেখুন : Commons:Government works
Under the Copyright Act 1968 (consolidated as of 22 December 2017):
- The Commonwealth or a State is the owner of the copyright in an original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work made by, or under the direction or control of, the Commonwealth or the State, as the case may be.[1968–2017 Sec.176(2)]
- Copyright in a literary, dramatic or musical work of which the Commonwealth or a State is the owner ... (a) where the work is unpublished—continues to subsist so long as the work remains unpublished; and (b) where the work is published—subsists, or, if copyright in the work subsisted immediately before its first publication, continues to subsist, until the expiration of 50 years after the expiration of the calendar year in which the work was first published.[1968–2017 Sec.180(1)]
কপিরাইট ট্যাগসমূহ
আরও দেখুন : কমন্স: কপিরাইট ট্যাগ
- {{PD-Australia}} – for Australian photographs published 70 years after the death of the creator, or photographs taken prior to 1955
- {{PD-Australia-currency}} – for coins designed before 1 May 1969
- {{PD-AustraliaGov}} – for government works whose copyright has expired.
- {{DFAT}} - for works from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
মুদ্রা
আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:মুদ্রা
ঠিক না for coins or banknotes designed on or after 1 May 1969.
ঠিক আছে for coins or banknotes designed before 1 May 1969, but under the following conditions: Derivative works of images of banknotes are expressly forbidden. Low resolution images of banknotes are allowed for editorial or educational purposes, as long as only one side of a bank note is featured. See website for details of exact size requirements for images.
Designs from prior to 1 May 1969 are in the public domain, and should use the tag {{PD-Australia-currency}}.
বিস্তৃত দৃশ্যের স্বাধীনতা
আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:বিস্তৃত দৃশ্যের স্বাধীনতা
- OK ত্রিমাত্রিক কর্মের জন্য {{FoP-Australia}}
- OK দ্বিমাত্রিক "শৈল্পিক কারুকার্যের" জন্য {{FoP-Australia}}
- ঠিক না অন্যান্য ধরনের শিল্পকর্মের জন্য
বিস্তৃত দৃশ্যের স্বাধীনতা অস্ট্রেলীয় কপিরাইট আইনের ৬৫–৬৮ নং ধারার দ্বারা ডিল করা হয়, যা যুক্তরাজ্যের আইনের উপর ভিত্তি করে তৈরি।
কপিরাইট অ্যাক্ট ১৯৬৮-এর ১০ ধারায় "শৈল্পিক কারুকার্য"-কে সঙ্গায়িত করা হয়েছে, যার অর্থ
- (a) a painting, sculpture, drawing, engraving or photograph, whether the work is of artistic quality or not;
- (b) a building or a model of a building, whether the building or model is of artistic quality or not; or
- (c) a work of artistic craftsmanship whether or not mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b);
The main concern stems from what is a work of "artistic craftmanship", which the statutory law does not clearly define, but was defined in case law under Burge v Swarbrick [3] The High Court ruled that whether a work has that quality depends on whether it is a work of craftsmanship the artistic form of expression of which is sufficiently "unconstrained by functional considerations".
In the Australian Federal Law Review, Justine Pila wrote an article in light of of the High Court ruling in Burgess that:
- "I suggest the requirement for artistic quality is simply a requirement for a [work of artistic craftmanship] 'not imaginary, unreal or apparent only' ... As those cases reflect, even conceived in historical terms, WACs are not exceptional works but rather paradigmatic works, contrary to the orthodox view above. The fact that they are functional too does not lessen their need for artistic quality".[4]
তিনি আরও বলেন:
- "what constitutes a work of artistic craftsmanship is the same as what constitutes other works — their properties of form and the history of their individual production." [4]
Several users claim that this implies two-dimensional flat arts like paintings and street art are considered as "works of artistic craftsmanship" in Australia, but others doubt about this interpretation and it has not been completely accepted by Wikimedia Commons community. Moreover, according to an information sheet of the Australian Copyright Council concerning street art (dated November 2019), the exception provided by Section 65 "applies only to sculptures and works of artistic craftsmanship, not to other artistic works such as murals and graffiti. Therefore, the copyright in a mural or graffiti may be infringed by taking a photograph of it." It adds that licensing permission from the copyright holder is needed, for uses of Australian street art "to feature on a website; to photograph, particularly for commercial purposes (e.g. to sell as postcards or prints); to use as the location of a film shoot; or to publish in a book or magazine."[5]
In order to ensure compliance, two-dimensional artistic works in Australia should not be uploaded to Commons.
ডাকটিকিট
আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:ডাকটিকিট
Australia Post claims copyright ownership of Australian stamps for 50 years from publication (http://www.caslon.com.au/ipguide24.htm). Stamps published before 1 January Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "২". can be tagged with {{PD-Australia}}.
Threshold of originality
আরও দেখুন : Commons:Threshold of originality
ঠিক না for most logos. The level of originality required for copyright protection in Australia is very low. Images showing the en:Australian Aboriginal Flag were consistently deleted from Commons as an Australian court has ruled that the flag is copyrighted.
[6] See the discussions in Category:Australian Aboriginal flag related deletion requests.
-
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is allowed on Commons only because the Australian government has purchased the copyright from the original author, retroactively applying laws that place it in public domain in its country of origin
আরও দেখুন
- Australian Government guidance on duration of copyright
- Australia
- Category:Australian FOP cases
- Category:License tags of Australia
- Category:Stamps of Australia
- Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom
উদ্ধৃতিসমূহ
- ↑ a b c Australia Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
- ↑ Copyright Act 1968 (consolidated as of December 22, 2017). Australia (2017). Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
- ↑ (2007) 232 CLR 336 ('Burge')
- ↑ a b Pila, Justine (2008). "Works of Artistic Craftsmanship in the High Court of Australia: the exception as paradigm copyright Work". Federal Law Review 36 (3): 363–379. DOI:10.22145/flr.36.3.4. ISSN 0067205X.
- ↑ Street Art & Copyright. Australian Copyright Council.
- ↑ Harold Joseph Thomas v David George Brown & James Morrison Vallely Tennant [1997] FCA 215. Federal Court of Australia (9 April 1997).