User:Hgrobe/iceage

Ice Ages - images for lectures

• Licence: CC-by (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
• Citation: hannes.grobe@awi.de (2012)

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  Landscape in Sweden, basement gneis eroded and formed by the glacial ice sheet on Scandinavia
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  Flint rubble with marks of ice pressure
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  Erratic block with ice scratches indicating direction of ice flow (Lake Noa, Greenland)
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  Catabatic wind
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  Ventifact from Denmark, formed by strong wind off the retreating ice sheet
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  Erratic block, erroded and transported by glacial ice on Greenland
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  Erratic block from Northern Germany, used for a memorial on Iceland

• Finger lakes in state New York as an example for a morphology overprinted by the glacial ice sheet

Tectonic controlled climate change

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  Climate change during the last 70 Ma
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  Climate cooling during the last 5 Ma
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  Antarctic glaciation
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  Antarctic glaciation compared to Europe
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  Glaciation of Greenland

Milankovitch cycles

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  Climate change in six time scales
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  Solar system. Earth orbit is influenced by the gravity of the large planets, mostly Jupiter and Saturn.
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  Milankovitch parameter are excentricity, obliquity, and precession
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  Milankovitch variations (red, green, blue) influence solar radiation on the northern hemisphere. Solar forcing at 65°N in summer (yellow) is essential for the development of ice sheets. The resulting curve from the addition of the three Milankovitch parameters reflects the climatic variations as reconstructed from sediment and ice cores (black). Hays et al. 1976 doi:10.1126/science.194.4270.1121
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  Northern hemisphere, ice coverage (black) during interglacial
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  Northern hemisphere, ice coverage during glacial
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  Southern hemisphere, ice coverage during interglacial
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  Southern hemisphere, ice coverage during glacial
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  300 ka glacial/interglacial cycles
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  Nunataker, Prins Christian Sund, South-Greenland
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  Nunataker with reconstruction of ice cover

Historical climate variations

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  Sunspot cycles with Maunder Minimum
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  Antonio Stradivari (Burckle & Grissino-Mayer, 2003 doi:10.1078/1125-7865-00033)
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  CO2 concentration in past and future

Little Ice Age in art

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  Peter Brueghel The Bird trap (1601)
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  Hendrick Averkamp Winter landscape with skaters (1608)
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  Aert van der Neer River view in the winter (1655)
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  Caspar David Friedrich Das Eismeer (1823)

Paleoclimate archives

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  Cave with stalagtites
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  Crystal King, Ohio Caverns
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  Stalagmite, cut and polished, showing growth bands reflecting "paleo-precipitation"
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  Drilling a coral head of Porites on the Philippines
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  Giant clam Tridacna
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  Ice core in transmitting light
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  Ice core thin section in polarized light
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  Sediment core from the South Atlantic showing color variations reflecting quaternary climatic changes during the last 800 ka
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  Part of a 1000 m long sediment core drilled off Cape Roberts to reconstruct glaciation history of Antarctica

Paleoclimate "tools"

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  Scientific drill ship Joides Resolution
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  Drill rig on ice
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  Drill bit
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  Research vessel Polarstern
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  Repository with sediment cores: Geological library
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  Sampling drill for dendrochronology
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  "Basic tools" of a geologist
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  Masspectrometer for the determination of stable isotope ratios in microfossils
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  Scanning electron microscope used for the investigation of microfossils