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Dieses Instrument ist selten, obwohl es einst häufig in Bläserensembles verwendet wurde, besonders in Spanien und Italien.
Es-Klarinette (Sopranino oder Piccolo-Klarinette in hoch Es})
Es
The E♭ clarinet has a characteristic "hard and biting" tone and is used in the orchestra when a brighter, or sometimes more comical, sound is called for.[1]
D-Klarinette
D
This was largely replaced by the F and later the E♭ clarinet. While a few early pieces were written for it, its repertoire is now very limited in Western music. Stravinsky included both the D and E♭ clarinets in his instrumentation for The Rite of Spring.[1]
Sopran-Klarinette in C
C
This clarinet was very common in the instrument's earliest period but its use dwindled, and by the end of the 1920s it had become practically obsolete. From the time of Mozart, many composers began to prefer the mellower lower-pitched instruments, and the timbre of the C instrument may have been considered too bright.[2] To avoid having to carry an extra instrument that required another reed and mouthpiece, orchestral players preferred to play parts for this instrument on B♭ clarinets, transposing up a tone.[3]
The basset clarinet is a clarinet in A with keywork that extends to a written low C. It is used primarily to play Classical-era music.[7] Mozart's Clarinet Concerto was written for this instrument. Basset clarinets in C and B♭ also exist.[8]
Similar in appearance to the alto, the basset horn is instead pitched in F, with a narrower bore on most models. Mozart's Clarinet Concerto was originally sketched out as a concerto for basset horn in G. Little material for this instrument has been published.[9]
Altklarinette
Es
Sometimes referred to as the tenor clarinet in Europe, the alto clarinet is used in military and concert bands and occasionally, if rarely, in orchestras.[10][11][12] The alto clarinet in F was used in military bands during the early 19th century and was a favorite instrument of Iwan Müller. It fell out of use and, if called for, is commonly substituted with the basset horn.[13]
Developed in the late 18th century, the bass clarinet began featuring in orchestral music in the 1830s after its redesign by Adolphe Sax.[14] It has since become a mainstay of the modern orchestra.[15] It is also used in concert bands and enjoys (along with the B♭ clarinet) a considerable role in jazz, especially through jazz musician Eric Dolphy.[16][17] The bass clarinet in A, which had a vogue among certain composers from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries, is now so rare as to usually be considered obsolete.[11]
This instrument is used in wind ensembles and occasionally in cinematic scores.[15]
Kontrabassklarinette]]
BB♭
The BB♭ contrabass is used in clarinet ensembles, concert bands, and sometimes in orchestras.[15]Arnold Schoenberg calls for a contrabass clarinet in A in his Five Pieces for Orchestra, but no such instrument ever existed.[18]
The subcontrabass clarinet is a largely experimental instrument with little repertoire. Three versions in EEE♭ (an octave below the contra-alto clarinet) were made, and a version in BBBTemplate:Flat (an octave below the contrabass clarinet) was built by Leblanc in 1939.[19][20]
