User:Benjah-bmm27/homologous series

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See also Category:Homologous series.

Organohalides

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Table of n-alkyl halides

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straight-chain alkyl halides
    fluoride chloride bromide iodide
1 methyl methyl fluoride methyl chloride methyl bromide methyl iodide
2 ethyl ethyl fluoride ethyl chloride ethyl bromide ethyl iodide
3 propyl propyl fluoride propyl chloride propyl bromide propyl iodide
4 butyl butyl fluoride butyl chloride butyl bromide butyl iodide
5 pentyl pentyl fluoride pentyl chloride pentyl bromide pentyl iodide
6 hexyl hexyl fluoride hexyl chloride hexyl bromide hexyl iodide
7 R RF RCl RBr RI
8 R RF RCl RBr RI
9 R RF RCl RBr RI
10 R RF RCl RBr RI

Table of branched alkyl halides

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branched alkyl halides
    fluoride chloride bromide iodide
3 isopropyl isopropyl fluoride isopropyl chloride isopropyl bromide isopropyl iodide
4 tert-butyl tert-butyl fluoride tert-butyl chloride tert-butyl bromide tert-butyl iodide
n R RF RCl RBr RI

Table of other hydrocarbyl halides

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hydrocarbyl halides
    fluoride chloride bromide iodide
2 vinyl vinyl fluoride vinyl chloride vinyl bromide vinyl iodide
3 allyl allyl fluoride allyl chloride allyl bromide allyl iodide
6 phenyl phenyl fluoride phenyl chloride phenyl bromide phenyl iodide
n R RF RCl RBr RI

Carboxylic acids

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Simple table

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carboxylic acids
Carbons Acid Salts Esters
1 formic acid formates formate esters
2 acetic acid acetates acetate esters
3 propanoic acid propanoates propanoate esters
4 butanoic acid butanoates butanoate esters
5 pentanoic acid pentanoates pentanoate esters
6 hexanoic acid hexanoates hexanoate esters
7 heptanoic acid heptanoates enanthate esters
8 octanoic acid octanoates octanoate esters
9 nonanoic acid nonanoates nonanoate esters
10 decanoic acid decanoates decanoate esters

Expanded table

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straight-chain saturated carboxylic acids, RCO2H (alkanoic acids)
Number of carbon atoms Trivial name Systematic name Corresponding salts Trivial name of salts Corresponding esters Trivial name of esters
1 formic acid methanoic acid methanoates formates methanoate esters formate esters
2 acetic acid ethanoic acid ethanoates acetates ethanoate esters acetate esters
3 propionic acid propanoic acid propanoates propionates propanoate esters propionate esters
4 butyric acid butanoic acid butanoates butyrates butanoate esters butyrate esters
5 valeric acid pentanoic acid pentanoates valerates pentanoate esters valerate esters
6 caproic acid hexanoic acid hexanoatess caproates hexanoates esters caproate esters
7 enanthic acid heptanoic acid heptanoates enanthates heptanoate esters enanthate esters
8 caprylic acid octanoic acid octanoates caprylates octanoate esters caprylate esters
9 pelargonic acid nonanoic acid nonanoates pelargonates nonanoate esters pelargonate esters
10 capric acid decanoic acid decanoates caprates decanoate esters caprate esters

Esters

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Carboxylate esters

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Carboxylate esters are esters formally derived from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol and have the general structure R-O-C(=O)-R′.

In the table below, the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol part of the ester is denoted by the symbol m, while the number of carbon atoms in the acid part is denoted by n,

Table of n-alkyl alkanoates

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straight-chain alkyl alkanoates
  n → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    formate acetate propionate butyrate valerate caproate enanthate caprylate pelargonate caprate
m ↓   (methanoate) (ethanoate) (propanoate) (butanoate) (pentanoate) (hexanoate) (heptanoate) (octanoate) (nonanoate) (decanoate)
1 methyl methyl formate methyl acetate methyl propionate methyl butyrate methyl valerate methyl caproate methyl enanthate methyl caprylate methyl pelargonate methyl caprate
2 ethyl ethyl formate ethyl acetate ethyl propionate ethyl butyrate ethyl valerate ethyl caproate ethyl enanthate ethyl caprylate ethyl pelargonate ethyl caprate
3 propyl propyl formate propyl acetate propyl propionate propyl butyrate propyl valerate propyl caproate propyl enanthate propyl caprylate propyl pelargonate propyl caprate
4 butyl butyl formate butyl acetate butyl propionate butyl butyrate butyl valerate butyl caproate butyl enanthate butyl caprylate butyl pelargonate butyl caprate
5 pentyl pentyl formate pentyl acetate pentyl propionate pentyl butyrate pentyl valerate pentyl caproate pentyl enanthate pentyl caprylate pentyl pelargonate pentyl caprate
6 hexyl hexyl formate hexyl acetate hexyl propionate hexyl butyrate hexyl valerate hexyl caproate hexyl enanthate hexyl caprylate hexyl pelargonate hexyl caprate
7 heptyl heptyl formate heptyl acetate heptyl propionate heptyl butyrate heptyl valerate heptyl caproate heptyl enanthate heptyl caprylate heptyl pelargonate heptyl caprate
8 octyl octyl formate octyl acetate octyl propionate octyl butyrate octyl valerate octyl caproate octyl enanthate octyl caprylate octyl pelargonate octyl caprate
9 nonyl nonyl formate nonyl acetate nonyl propionate nonyl butyrate nonyl valerate nonyl caproate nonyl enanthate nonyl caprylate nonyl pelargonate nonyl caprate
10 decyl decyl formate decyl acetate decyl propionate decyl butyrate decyl valerate decyl caproate decyl enanthate decyl caprylate decyl pelargonate decyl caprate

Table of branched alkyl alkanoates

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branched-chain alkyl alkanoates
  n → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    formate acetate propionate butyrate valerate caproate enanthate caprylate pelargonate caprate
m ↓   (methanoate) (ethanoate) (propanoate) (butanoate) (pentanoate) (hexanoate) (heptanoate) (octanoate) (nonanoate) (decanoate)
3 isopropyl isopropyl formate isopropyl acetate isopropyl propionate isopropyl butyrate
4 isobutyl isobutyl formate isobutyl acetate

Table of other hydrocarbyl alkanoates

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branched-chain alkyl alkanoates
  n → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    formate acetate propionate butyrate valerate caproate enanthate caprylate pelargonate caprate
m ↓   (methanoate) (ethanoate) (propanoate) (butanoate) (pentanoate) (hexanoate) (heptanoate) (octanoate) (nonanoate) (decanoate)
3 allyl allyl formate allyl acetate allyl propionate allyl butyrate
6 phenyl phenyl formate phenyl acetate phenyl propionate phenyl butyrate

Borate esters

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Borate esters are esters formally derived from boric acid and an alcohol and have the general structure B(OR)3.

In the table below, the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol part of the ester is denoted by the symbol n.

Table of borate esters

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triorganyl borates
  m → B
n ↓   borate
1 methyl trimethyl borate
2 ethyl triethyl borate
3 isopropyl triispropyl borate
6 phenyl triphenyl borate

Amines

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Amines
n R 1° 2° 3°
1 methyl methylamine dimethylamine trimethylamine
2 ethyl ethylamine diethylamine triethylamine
3 propyl propylamine dipropylamine tripropylamine
3 isopropyl isopropylamine diisopropylamine triisopropylamine
4 butyl butylamine dibutylamine tributylamine
4 tert-butyl tert-butylamine di-tert-butylamine tri-tert-butylamine
6 phenyl phenylamine diphenylamine triphenylamine
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