English subtitles for clip: File:Nazi Concentration Camps.webm

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NAZI CONCENTRATION AND PRISON CAMPS

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This is an official documentary report compiled from the United States army films made by the military photographers serving with the allied armies as they advanced into Germany.

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The films were made pursuant to an order issued by general Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme commander, allied expeditionary forces, March 15, 1945.

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Robert H. Jackson, United States, Chief of Counsel

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I, George C. Stevens, colonel, army of the United States, hereby certify that:

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From 1 March 1945 to the 8th of May 1945, I was on active duty with the United States army signal corps, attached to supreme headquarters allied expeditionary forces, and among my official duties was the direction of the photographing of Nazi concentration camps and prison camps as liberated by allied forces.

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The motion pictures which will be shown following this affidavit were taken by official United States army signal corps photographic teams in the course of their military duties under my command.

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Each team being composed of military personnel under the direction of a commissioned officer.

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To the best of my knowledge and belief these motion pictures constitute a true representation of the individuals and scenes photographed.

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They have not been altered in any respect since the exposures were made.

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The accompanying narration is a true statement of the facts and circumstances under which these pictures were made.

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George C. Stevens, colonel, army of the United States.

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Sworn to before me this 27th day of August 1945.

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Edward C. Betts, Brigadier general, United States army, Judge advocate general European theater of operations.

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I, E. R. Kellogg, lieutenant, United States Navy, hereby certify that:

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From 1929 to 1941, I was employed at Twentieth-Century Fox Studios in Hollywood, California as a director of photographic effects and am familiar with all photographic techniques.

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Since 6 September 1941 to the present date of 27 august 1945, I have been on active duty with the United States Navy.

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I have carefully examined the motion picture film to be shown following this affidavit

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and I certify that the image of these excerpts from the original negative have not been retouched, distorted, or otherwise altered in any respect

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and are true copies of the originals held in the vaults of the United States army signal corps.

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These excerpts comprise 6000 feet of film selected from 80.000 feet,

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all of which I have reviewed and all of which is similar in character to these excerpts.

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E. R. Kellogg, Lieutenant, United States Navy

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Sworn to before me this 27th day of August 1945

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John Ford, captain, United States Navy

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These are the locations of the largest concentration and prison camps

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maintained throughout Germany and Europa under the Nazi regime.

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This film reports covering a representative group of such camps, illustrates the general conditions which prevail.

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LEIPZIG CONCENTRATION CAMP

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More than 200 political prisoners were burnt to death at this concentration camp near Leipzig.

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Others among the original total of 350 inmates were shot down by German elite guards.

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as they dashed from the prison huts to celebrate the arrival of American troops outside the city.

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The atrocities' story is told by the few who managed to survive.

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They relate how 12 SS-troopers and a Gestapo Agent lured 220 starving prisoners into a big wooden building at this camp,

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sprayed the structure with an inflammable liquid and then applied the torch.

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Machine guns set up at various vantage points mowed down many victims who ran from the burning building.

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Some miraculously escaped the hail of bullets, but were electrocuted by the live wires of a fence which was the final hurdle for those fleeing the flames.

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The Leipzig victims were Russians, Czechs, Poles and French.

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The dead are viewed by Russian women liberated from slave labor.

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PENIG CONCENTRATION CAMP

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At Penig, Germany, a concentration camp was overrun by the 6th armored division containing mainly Hungarians

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who were people of wealth and esteem in their native country.

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Among them where young girls of only 16 years of age.

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The women show the scars of miserable existence under Nazi prison-rule

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American doctors examine the victims.

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Some have gangrenous wounds. 

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Others suffer from fever, tuberculosis, typhus and additional communicable diseases.

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All existed under appalling conditions in vermin-infested quarters and with little or nothing to eat.

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As soon as our troops arrived

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arrangements were made to remove these people from their miserable surroundings.

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Under supervision of the American Red Cross

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the stricken inmates are removed to a hospital which belonged to the German air-force.

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Nazis who formerly maltreated them are forced to help look after the patients.

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The staff of German nurses is also forced to attend the victims.

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The woman are able to smile for the time in years.

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OHRDRUF LABOR CAMP

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At this concentration camp in the Gotha area

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the Germans starved, clubbed and burned to death

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more than 4000 political prisoners over a period of 8 months.

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A few captives survived by hiding in the woods.

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The camp was chosen for a high-command inspection led by general Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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Also present are Generals Omar Bradley and George S. Patton.

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The 4th armored division of General Patton's 3rd army liberated this camp early in April.

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The Generals view the rack that was used by the Nazis to whip the inmates.

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They see the wood shed where a line of covered bodies are stacked in layers and the stench is overpowering.

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Former inmates demonstrate how they where tortured by the Nazis.

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American congressmen, invited to view the atrocities, were told by General Eisenhower

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Nothing is covered up. He had nothing to conceal.

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The barbarous treatment these people received in the German concentration camps is almost unbelievable.

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I want you to see for yourselves and be the spokesman for the United States.

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The General and his party next see the crude woodland crematory, actually a grill made of railway tracks.

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Here the bodies of victims were cremated.

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Charred remains of several inmates still lay heaped atop the grill.

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Another group to visit the Ohrdruf camp is composed of local townspeople.

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Including prominent Nazi party members

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They'll be taken on a forced tour of the campsite by Colonel Hayden Sears, commander of the 4th armored division's combat command A, which captured Ohrdruf.

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A German medical major is compelled to accompany the townspeople.

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Colonel Sears stands by as the Nazis are informed that they must see all the horrors of the camp.

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First the visitors view some 30 freshly killed bodies lying in the courtyard of the camp where they've been shot on the evening preceding the entry of American tanks.

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These two are identified as slave labor bosses who maltreated, tortured and killed their workers.

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Next to the woodshed which the Nazis are reluctant to enter, but colonel Sears demands that they get a close-up look of the most gruesome of sights.

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The labor bosses enter.

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According to reports, the local Nazis continued their tour of the camp without apparent emotion.

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All denied knowledge of what had taken place at Ohrdruf.

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They are taken to the crematory two miles outside the camp where the list of the atrocities is read for all to hear.

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4000 Ohrdruf victims are said to include Poles, Czechs, Russians, Belgians, Frenchmen, German Jews and German political prisoners.

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The day before before the Nazis visited the camp, the burgermeister of Ohrdruf was forced to view the horrors.

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He and his wife were later found dead in their home. Apparently suicides.

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HADAMAR CONCENTRATION CAMP

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American officers arrive at a Nazi institution seized by first army troops.

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Under the guise of an insane asylum, this has been the headquarters for the systematic murder of 35.000 Poles, Russians and Germans sent here mainly for political and religious considerations.

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Those still alive are examined by Major Herman Bolker of the American war-crimes investigation team.

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The townspeople in Hadamar, Germany called this place the house of shudders.

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Meanwhile at the graveyard attached to the institution, bodies are exhumed for autopsy.

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20.000 are buried here.

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15.000 who've died in a lethal gas chamber were cremated and their ashes interbed.

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Death books found hidden in the wine cellar of the Hadamar institution reveal part of the story of the mass killings.

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The bulky volumes contain thousands of death certificates.

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"Profession: Unknown" and "Nationality: Unknown" was written after each name.

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The Corpses are lined up pending the arrival of WCIT officers.

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Major Bulker performs the autopsy.

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A detailed listing is made of all clinical data.

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Interrogating the institution heads, Doctor Wahlman, the taller man, was the top-Nazi in charge of the place.

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The other man entering the room is Karl Huber Chief male nurse.

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He admits to killing inmates with overdoses of morphine.

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A testimony of other witnesses substantiated the fact that morphine was issued at the institution, without attempt of making a record.

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As many as 17 died at a time from the morphine injections.

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The investigating officers were told that the Nazis never bothered to determine if a victim may have survived the over-dosage.

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Instead all were hustled off to the graveyard and were buried in piles of 20 to 24.

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The prisoners are removed to await trial.

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A Hadamar judge told the investigators that when the 10.000th victim died, the institution heads and Nazi officials staged a celebration.

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MEPPENE CONCENTRATION CAMP

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Stalag 6 C for Russian prisoners was liberated in the rapid advance of the 4th Canadian armored division.

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The inmates are deloused after long subjection to the filth and disease of the MEPPENE camp.

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Roll call was held every day and all prisoners were compelled to line up, regardless of their physical condition.

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In reenacting life at the camp, the men show how they searched the garbage for scraps of food. This was considered a privilege.

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Approximately 2500 Russians died in this camp in a 1 month period.

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One bit of sport which the Nazi Commandant indulged in, was to turn loose German police dogs for attacks on the physically handicapped who were unable to report promptly for the daily inspection.

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The dead are removed for burial.

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MUNSTER CONCENTRATION CAMP

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Stalag 6 F in North-East Munster. 

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9th army troops assist AMG officials in caring for the liberated Frenchmen and Belgians.

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The men can leave any time they wish, but they must have a pass to get back in.

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They are fed sea-rations and potatoes. Most foods are too rich for their famished bodies and they cannot eat the sea-rations unless a small portion is mixed with potatoes or a stew made of grass.

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Most of the inmates seem to have forgotten how to take care of themselves.

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All living quarters were crowded and filthy, with trash and refuse in every corner.

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Electricity and water supply were nonexistent at the camp when Americans took over.

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These conveniences are rapidly restored for the helpless victims.

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BREENDONCK CONCENTRATION CAMP

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This is Breendonck prison in Belgium.
It offers evidence of Nazi brutality imposed on Belgian patriots during the period of German occupation.

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Many of the horror exhibits remain untouched, such as the bloodstained coffins.

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Demonstrating how the victims were tied up for administering vicious beatings.

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A barbed wire stick was used on the backs of the men.

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Another method for rendering a patriot helpless while he was attacked by his Gestapo guards.

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The Nazis also would tie up a man in chains in this manner and then apply the tourniquet.

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The Berlin-made thumbscrew and how it was used.

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A victim shows scars caused by repeated beatings.

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Others show what happened to them as result of both beatings and cigarette burns.

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A Belgian demonstrates the manner in which his crotch was split by the Nazi's.

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A women discloses the results of a beating.

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NORDHAUSEN CONCENTRATION CAMP

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The slave labor camp at Nordhausen liberated by the 3rd armored division 1st army.

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At least 3000 political prisoners died here at the brutal hands of S.S. troops and pardoned German criminals who were the camp guards.

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Nordhausen had been a depository for slaves found unfit for work in the underground V-bomb-plants and in other German camps and factories.

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American medical crews find 2000 still alive at the camp.

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They are discovered inside filthy barracks where the survival and death were contingent on how long the human existence was possible on a daily ration of potato peels, one slice of bread and an occasional bowl of a liquid that was supposedly soup.

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The dead, quickly outnumbered the living.

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Amid the corpses are human skeletons too weak to move.

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Men of our medical battalions worked two days and nights binding wounds and giving medications, but for advanced cases of starvation and tuberculosis there were often no cures.

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The survivors are shown being evacuated for treatment in allied hospitals.

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The victims are mainly Poles and Russians with considerable numbers of French and other nationalities also included in the camp roster.

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The Burgermeister of Nordhausen is ordered to provide 600 German male civilians who will interbed the 2500 unburied bodies at the camp.

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A priest administers last rites for the dead while the corpses are being carried to the hillside for burial.

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All day day long the German civilians carry the gruesome corpses, some of which are already green and putrified.

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Then the actual burial in common graves of the 2500 Nordhausen victims.

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HANNOVER CONCENTRATION CAMP

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Harlen concentration camp near Hannover.
Out of 10.000 Polish men brought here 10 months prior to April 1945 only 2 did remain.

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Prisoners who could walk were removed before American troops entered Hannover. The others were left to starve and die.

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Immediate relief is provided for the men with the arrival of a Red Cross Club mobile. The men broke into tears when they were given hot soup, other food and cigarettes and clothing.

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When questioned most of these men could not remember when they had last eaten a decent meal. Many had been beaten and tortured so long their minds had failed.

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Some of the inmates are too weak to leave their bunks or even eat.

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Others bunk together to keep their fragile bodies warm.

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The deaths continue even after liberation of the camp. Some were too far gone when the Americans took over.

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An AMG sergeant checks the list of inmates.

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The victims relate the atrocity story and photographs are made for further documentation of the horrors committed at the Hannover camp.

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ARNSTADT CONCENTRATION CAMP

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This concentration camp was overrun by American troops in April. The prisoners were mainly Poles and Russians.

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Maltreated and starved 1700 were housed in tents which contained only 100 bunks.

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While our forces were nearing Arnstadt, the Nazis removed most of the captives. They shot those who were to weak to get away fast enough.

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Savage watchdogs were used to help guard the camp.

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German civilians are forced to dig up the bodies. This is the 2nd burial ground for the victims. The spot where they were originally buried after the massacre was apparently too close to the town.

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The Arnstadt villages could not tolerate the stench of the dead and they themselves moved the bodies to this site.

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Now they again must exhume the corpses. This time under armed persuasion.

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Victims bear the marks of violent deaths.

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American troops view the evidence of Nazi barbarism.

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1200 civilians walk from the neighboring city of Weimar to begin a forced tour of the camp.

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There are many smiling faces and according to observers, at first the Germans act as if this was something being staged for their benefit.

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One of the first things that the German civilians see as they reach the interior of the camp, is the parchment display.

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On a table for all to gaze upon is lampshade made of human skin, made at the request of an S.S. officer's wife.

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Large pieces of skin have been used for painting pictures, many of an obscene nature.

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There are two heads, which have been shrunk to 1/5th their normal size. These and other exhibits of Nazi origin are shown to the townspeople.

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The camera records the changes in facial expressions as the Weimar citizens leave the parchment display.

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The tour continues with a forced inspection of the camp's living quarters where the stench, filth and misery defied description.

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They see the result of lack of care and a bad case of trench-foot.

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Other evidences of horror brutality and human indecency are shown and these people are compelled to see what their own government had perpetrated.

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Correspondents assigned to the Büchenwald Story have given wide notice to the well-fed, well-dressed appearance of the German civilian population of the Weimar area.

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MAUTHAUSEN AUSTRIA

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I'm lieutenant Senior Grade Jack Dates Tailor US Navy of Hollywood California.
Believe it or not, but this is the first time I've ever been in the movies.

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I've been working overseas in occupied countries in the Balkans for 18 months.

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In October '44 I was the first allied officer to set foot into Austria.

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I was captured December 1st by the Gestapo, severely beaten, even though I was in uniform, severely beaten and considered as a non-prisoner of war.

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I was taken to Vienna Prison, where I was held for 4 months. When the Russians neared Vienna, I was taken to this Mauthausen concentration lager, an extermination camp.

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The worst in Germany, where we have been starving and beaten and killed, fortunately my turn hasn't come.

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Two American officers at least have been executed here. Here is the insignia of one, the US naval officer and here is his dog-tag, here is the Army officer. Executed by gas in this lager.

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There were,
"How many ways did they execute in here?"
5 or 6 I believe. By gas, by shooting, by beating, that is beating with clubs, by exposure, that is standing out in the snow naked for 48 hours and having cold water thrown on them in the middle of winter, starvation, dogs and pushing over a 100 foot cliff.

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This is all true, has been seen and is now being recorded.

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"Where did you get that uniform you have on?"
This uniform, I came here in uniform but it was taken away from me and this was substituted with my number and USA.

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I have been condemned to death as another American also in this camp.

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Fortunately the 11th armored division has come through and saved us in time.

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BUCHENWALD CONCENTRATION CAMP

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Pictorial evident unprecedented crimes have been perpetrated by the Nazis at the Buchenwald concentration camp.

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The story in written form is contained in the official report of the prisoner of war and displaced persons division of the United States controlled group council.

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Which has been forwarded from supreme allied headquarters to the war department in Washington.

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It states that 1000 boys under 14 years of age are included in the thousands still alive at the camp.

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That the survivors are males only and that the recent death rate was about 200 a day.

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Nationalities and prison numbers are tattooed on the stomachs of the inmates.

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The report lists the surviving inmates as representing every European nationality.

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It says the camp was founded when the Nazi party first came into power in 1933 and has been in continuous operation ever since.

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Although its largest populations date from the beginning of the present war, one estimate puts the camps normal complement at 80.000.

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In the official report the Buchenwald camp is termed an extermination factory.

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The means of extermination? Starvation complicated by hard work, abuse, beatings and tortures, incredibly crowded sleeping conditions and sicknesses of all types.

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By these means, the report continues, many tens of thousands of the best leadership personnel of Europe have been exterminated.

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Bodies stacked one upon the other were found outside the crematory.

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The Nazis maintained a building at the camp for medical experiments and vivisection with prisoners as guinea pigs.

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Medical scientists came from Berlin periodically to reinforce the experimental staff.

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In particular new toxins and anti-toxins were tried out on prisoners.

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Few who entered the experimental buildings ever emerged alive.

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One of the weapons used by SS guards.

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The body disposal plant. Inside are the ovens which gave the crematory a maximum disposal capacity of about 400 bodies per 10 hour day.

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Gold-filled teeth were extracted from bodies before incineration.

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The ovens of extremely modern design and heated by coke were made by a concern which customarily manufactures baking ovens.

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The firm's name is clearly inscribed.

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All bodies were finally reduced to bone-ash.

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DACHAU CONCENTRATION CAMP

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Dachau, factory of horror.

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Dachau near München, one of the oldest of the Nazi prison camps.

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It is known that from 1941 to 1944, up to 30.000 people were entombed here at one time.

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And 30.000 were present when the allies reached Dachau.

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The Nazis said it was a prison for political dissenters, habitual criminals and religious enthusiasts.

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When these scenes were filmed over 1600 priests, representing many denominations, still remained alive.

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They came from Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, France and Holland.

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Incoming prison trains arrived, carrying more dead than living.

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Those strong enough to travel were brought to Dachau from outlying points which were threatened by the allied advance.

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This is how they looked when they arrived.

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In many instances prisoners were loaded into open railroad cars and freighted across the country in wind or weather.

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They died of exposure, starvation, dysentery, typhus.

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Some survived, and when the rescuers arrived, they administered whatever aid they could.

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Others died after the liberation.

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They were buried by their fellow prisoners.

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As in the case of other camps, local townspeople were brought in to view the dead at Dachau.

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This is what the liberators found inside the building.

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Hanging in orderly rows were the clothes of prisoners who have been suffocated in a lethal gas-chamber.

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They had been persuaded to remove their clothing under the pretext of taking a shower for which towels and soap were provided.

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This is the Brausebad, the showerbath.

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Inside the showerbath, the gas vents.

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On the ceiling, the dummy shower-heads.

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In the engineers' room the intake and outlet pipes.

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Push-buttons to control inflow and outtake of gas.

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A hand-valve to regulate pressure.

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Cyanide powder was used to generate the lethal smoke.

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From the gas chamber, the bodies were removed to the crematory.

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Here is what the camera crew found inside.

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These are the survivors.

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BELSEN CONCENTRATION CAMP

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I am the officer commanding the regiment of royal artillery guarding this camp.

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Our most unpleasant task, has been making the S.S., of which there are about 50, bury the dead.

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Up to present, we have buried about 17.000 people and we expect to bury about half as much again.

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When we came here the conditions were indescribable.

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The people had had no food for 6 days and were eating turnips.

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The cook houses have now been organized and although they have to be guarded so that everybody gets a fair share of the food, things are now going fairly well.

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The officers and men regard this job as a duty that has to be performed and none of us are likely to forget what the German people have done here.

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This is the women doctor of the concentration camp, Bergen Belsen, 24th of april 1945.

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This is the doctor in charge of the female section of the concentration camp Bergen Belsen.

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She was a prisoner at this camp.

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She says: "There were no covers, crawl-sacks or beds of any kind. Prisoners had to lie directly on the floor."

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"They were given 1/12th of a loaf of bread and some watery soup daily."

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"Almost 75% of the people were bloated from hunger."

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"An epidemic of typhus broke out. 250 women, and thousands of men died daily."

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"In the men's camp they cut out liver, heart and other parts of the dead, and ate them."

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"No medicines were available because the S.S. men had collected everything."

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"Two days before the British army came, the first Red Cross food was distributed."

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"Two months before, 150 kilograms of chocolate had been sent to the children of the camp"

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"10 kilograms were distributed, the rest the Commandant kept for himself and used it as barter to his personal advantage."

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She adds that various medical experiments were made on the prisoners.

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"Doctors gave some of them intravenous injections of 20 cubic centimeters of benzene, which caused the victims to die."

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She concludes by saying that several other gyneacological experiments and sterilizations were performed on 19-year-old girls.

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Kramer, Camp Commandant, is taken into custody.

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Such was the speed of the allied advance, that the guards were taken before they had time to flee.

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Inside Belsen, the same story: Starvation and sickness.

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Liberated prisoners could not control their emotions.

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Despite German attempts to cover up, we found these in the open field.

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Clear-cut evidence of beatings and outright murder was on every hand.

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Nameless victims were numbered for records which the Germans destroyed.

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S.S. guards were impressed to clean up the camp area.

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German women guards were ordered to bury the dead.

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Sanitary conditions were so appalling that heavy equipment had to be brought in to speed the work of cleaning up.

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This was Bergen Belsen.