English subtitles for clip: File:0101 Synthetic Fibers Nylon and Rayon 13 22 43 00.webm

1
00:00:13,31 --> 00:00:19,86
Even if it isn't a loony tune in

2
00:00:20,83 --> 00:00:37,55
tonight.

3
00:00:37,57 --> 00:00:44,60
See you can do any after all I've been
saying it could ask what is this is it.

4
00:00:44,62 --> 00:00:51,58
This is a synthetic fiber. We
call it Ray on. You mean we make.

5
00:00:52,38 --> 00:00:58,04
Yes we do. Take that for cheery Bob
is wearing it's made of re on fiber.

6
00:00:58,27 --> 00:01:02,87
Could you tell us just how to make.
Yes we want to talk crap about.

7
00:01:04,14 --> 00:01:09,25
Well look it's quite a story we
make great on from what you know

8
00:01:10,12 --> 00:01:16,68
but well have you ever seen a spider
spending a web. Oh yes. Clark.

9
00:01:17,05 --> 00:01:19,80
Well when we make this royal insider.

10
00:01:21,23 --> 00:01:24,11
Were imitating a spiders finding a way.

11
00:01:24,13 --> 00:01:29,59
The spider makes a liquid and it's funny
when it spins the thread for its way up.

12
00:01:31,74 --> 00:01:36,85
It forces this liquid out through
tiny holes called spinner it.

13
00:01:39,40 --> 00:01:40,90
This makes a fine thread.

14
00:01:42,45 --> 00:01:47,28
Now you don't have silk is
made yet we can't that.

15
00:01:47,29 --> 00:01:50,41
Well then you know how the
silkworm makes a fiber.

16
00:01:51,18 --> 00:01:56,40
Now all we make this ready on fiber
and somewhat the same way radio

17
00:01:56,41 --> 00:02:03,13
and big end as would the first step is to.
A couple logs in the pot. This is done.

18
00:02:03,72 --> 00:02:09,54
Here to pulp mill in this mail the
wood is chopped up and cooked.

19
00:02:09,56 --> 00:02:14,92
It comes out looking like this
here is a piece of wood pulp.

20
00:02:14,94 --> 00:02:19,09
This is still wood though it
looks like blotting paper.

21
00:02:19,11 --> 00:02:22,39
Now this goes to the right on mail

22
00:02:22,39 --> 00:02:26,71
or they put it into tanks.

23
00:02:26,73 --> 00:02:31,53
The pope comes to the mail and barge eats.

24
00:02:33,00 --> 00:02:37,45
It put the sheets into a tank.

25
00:02:37,47 --> 00:02:41,60
Then they fill the tank
with the chemicals.

26
00:02:41,61 --> 00:02:46,57
After the proper soaked in this bath for
a while they squeeze out some of the

27
00:02:46,57 --> 00:02:46,83
chemical.

28
00:02:47,53 --> 00:02:54,33
And it's ready for the next
step they take it out.

29
00:02:54,34 --> 00:03:00,26
And drop it down through a
hole to the floor below.

30
00:03:00,28 --> 00:03:06,24
The problems right down
into shredding machine.

31
00:03:06,25 --> 00:03:16,60
This machine breaks it
up into small pieces.

32
00:03:16,62 --> 00:03:19,18
Over here is another
shredder just like it.

33
00:03:20,73 --> 00:03:27,72
And this man is getting ready to empty it.

34
00:03:29,02 --> 00:03:35,49
When the pope comes out. It's broken up
into fluffy crumbs and if we look inside.

35
00:03:35,51 --> 00:03:40,24
We can see the turning
battles. That do the work.

36
00:03:40,96 --> 00:03:48,72
Now the crumbs go down a chute into a
room where they age for a couple of days.

37
00:03:48,74 --> 00:03:54,00
And then from the aging room. The
crumbs drop into another machine.

38
00:03:54,77 --> 00:03:59,66
This is something like a
churn in the is a promise.

39
00:04:00,00 --> 00:04:05,05
Thoroughly churned together with
another chemical called carbon dioxide

40
00:04:07,08 --> 00:04:11,65
when it comes out of this churn. It's no
longer wood pulp. But something different.

41
00:04:13,51 --> 00:04:16,80
We have some of that here. See here.

42
00:04:17,57 --> 00:04:23,28
Now the next step is to dissolve
this in another chemical.

43
00:04:25,19 --> 00:04:32,17
It's quickly becomes a thick black

44
00:04:32,17 --> 00:04:40,10
what it's like this it's.

45
00:04:41,18 --> 00:04:44,46
Now ready to make it into a fiber
I'll show you again how it works.

46
00:04:47,72 --> 00:04:52,60
This is an acid that. We use
this to as a spinner at.

47
00:04:52,62 --> 00:04:57,63
We go and some of the quit.

48
00:04:58,81 --> 00:05:00,74
Force it up to the tiny
hole in the end of the to

49
00:05:13,00 --> 00:05:16,42
the acid hardens it.

50
00:05:17,15 --> 00:05:20,03
And here's our way on fiber.

51
00:05:22,11 --> 00:05:27,94
It's now in the mail they do the
same thing on this spinning machine.

52
00:05:28,49 --> 00:05:31,74
It's this machine has many spin

53
00:05:31,74 --> 00:05:37,20
or it's he's letting up one of them
know it's this is the spinner it

54
00:05:38,57 --> 00:05:43,87
and if we look closely at the end of it
we see it has many tiny holes with liquid

55
00:05:43,87 --> 00:05:46,53
losing out of that.

56
00:05:47,48 --> 00:05:53,13
It's now is putting the spinner
it down into the acid bath.

57
00:05:54,43 --> 00:05:59,76
And here's the fiber for me it's.

58
00:06:00,00 --> 00:06:06,56
The liquid is forced out through the holes
in the spirit to form these filaments.

59
00:06:06,58 --> 00:06:09,69
The filaments are drawn
together into a single fiber.

60
00:06:12,88 --> 00:06:24,67
And this is twisted into a
strand of right on your arm.

61
00:06:24,68 --> 00:06:27,85
It goes down into this box.

62
00:06:27,87 --> 00:06:31,69
These men are taking cakes
of yarn out of the machine.

63
00:06:32,27 --> 00:06:42,05
They call it dumping.

64
00:06:42,07 --> 00:06:46,32
Whatever enough yarn has been
wound into a box they open it up

65
00:06:46,32 --> 00:06:49,26
and take out the cake. For cake.

66
00:06:49,74 --> 00:06:52,72
Right there on your arm ready to be washed

67
00:06:52,72 --> 00:06:57,09
and dried woven into cloth is

68
00:06:57,10 --> 00:07:01,68
that tell you how we make cloth from what
jug Yes it gives me a pretty good idea.

69
00:07:02,06 --> 00:07:07,11
Say Mr Norton we may close some
coal too don't we. That same thing.

70
00:07:08,80 --> 00:07:10,10
Broke coal.

71
00:07:10,11 --> 00:07:17,35
Well not quite.

72
00:07:17,36 --> 00:07:23,22
Here's a piece of a cloth we make from
coal and other things. It's called nylons.

73
00:07:23,65 --> 00:07:28,97
But how can a thing like this come from
a hard thing like a piece of coal.

74
00:07:30,29 --> 00:07:33,97
Well boys it's a long story
but it does begin with coal.

75
00:07:34,65 --> 00:07:45,99
Just ordinary coal from the mine.

76
00:07:46,00 --> 00:07:49,10
This goes to a coal company.

77
00:07:49,12 --> 00:07:55,53
Here it is broken down into a number
of things. One of these is coal tar.

78
00:07:55,54 --> 00:07:59,56
And from coal to are we going
to number of chemicals or miss.

79
00:08:00,00 --> 00:08:05,18
After a long series of steps
we get these two suspects.

80
00:08:05,20 --> 00:08:12,08
This is a dip aghast. And this is
eczema at the way and I've picked up.

81
00:08:13,21 --> 00:08:17,92
Hector saying Mr Norton. How can
you remember a name like that.

82
00:08:19,26 --> 00:08:25,91
Well. You get used to those days
when you use them everyday things.

83
00:08:25,92 --> 00:08:29,26
Now these chemicals make nylon.

84
00:08:29,28 --> 00:08:36,92
First we mix them
together in little water.

85
00:08:39,36 --> 00:08:49,60
It's.

86
00:08:52,25 --> 00:08:58,11
This makes a liquid we call nylon
so. Now with the nylon plan.

87
00:08:58,30 --> 00:09:02,37
This liquid is made in large tanks.

88
00:09:02,39 --> 00:09:07,96
That is piped into an evaporating tech.
Here's all the water is boiling away.

89
00:09:07,97 --> 00:09:11,04
Next it is piped into a
roomful of large books

90
00:09:11,76 --> 00:09:14,32
that are something like pressure cookers.

91
00:09:14,34 --> 00:09:18,94
The cookers are controlled by
the instruments on this panel.

92
00:09:18,96 --> 00:09:28,14
And this man is starting to cook a batch.

93
00:09:28,15 --> 00:09:34,14
He has it ready in this vessel. Here
it cooks under heat and pressure.

94
00:09:34,16 --> 00:09:39,75
Which causes an important chemical change.

95
00:09:39,77 --> 00:09:46,38
The nylon comes out of the bottom
of the cover as a wide wide strip.

96
00:09:46,40 --> 00:09:51,32
This is solid nylon. It hardens
under sprays of water.

97
00:09:52,75 --> 00:09:55,22
Then goes into a machine
that chips it into flakes.

98
00:09:55,50 --> 00:09:59,81
It's blended and melted and then it.

99
00:10:00,00 --> 00:10:06,65
Prompt to the spirit. Just now this man
is putting a nylon Spinrad into place.

100
00:10:10,51 --> 00:10:17,45
Here out it comes the hot molten nylon
out through the tiny holes to form the

101
00:10:17,45 --> 00:10:23,56
spine filling these filament
harden in a current of warm air.

102
00:10:23,58 --> 00:10:29,54
And down here they are gathered into a
single fiber this fibrous drawn onto a

103
00:10:29,54 --> 00:10:36,34
machine on the floor below this machine
twists it into a single strand of nylon

104
00:10:36,34 --> 00:10:39,76
yarn.

105
00:10:39,78 --> 00:10:42,47
The strands around on large bottoms

106
00:10:44,48 --> 00:10:51,53
and here's a full bobbin of
bright silky nylon yarn.

107
00:10:51,55 --> 00:10:56,49
But now before this can be made into cloth
of has to be stretched to see how we can

108
00:10:56,49 --> 00:10:58,97
stretch if.

109
00:10:59,92 --> 00:11:02,43
This stretching gives it
strength and cruel as to say

110
00:11:02,43 --> 00:11:06,76
that a lot of this not on yarn
is used for stockings you know.

111
00:11:06,78 --> 00:11:11,86
Stockings are made on the knitting
machines and a holder e-mail.

112
00:11:13,11 --> 00:11:17,11
This machine needs a number
of stockings at a time.

113
00:11:18,35 --> 00:11:21,18
The machine has rows of needles.

114
00:11:23,71 --> 00:11:34,46
There the straightening
one of the needles now.

115
00:11:34,47 --> 00:11:37,33
Now the machine is knitting again.

116
00:11:38,05 --> 00:11:41,34
See how the nylon thread
moved in and out and back

117
00:11:41,34 --> 00:11:48,15
and forth among the needles.

118
00:11:48,17 --> 00:11:53,83
The machine it's a stocking
in a broad flat strip.

119
00:11:53,85 --> 00:11:59,87
To make a finished stocking these
strips have to be sewn up and.

120
00:12:00,00 --> 00:12:02,87
Just what this shows the
sides a strip together.

121
00:12:03,06 --> 00:12:09,04
Now it looks like a stocking
stockings are done.

122
00:12:09,06 --> 00:12:15,35
They are put on forms and heated for a
time. This sets them in the proper shape.

123
00:12:17,00 --> 00:12:20,28
At last they come off the
forms as finny stockings.

124
00:12:21,12 --> 00:12:27,52
Now they're ready to be worn stockings of
a fine silky cloth made by the science of

125
00:12:27,52 --> 00:12:30,05
chemistry from I love the cold.

126
00:12:38,96 --> 00:12:42,06
So you see Johnny we do
make cross from cold at

127
00:12:42,06 --> 00:12:46,25
that point of content minus chemicals

128
00:12:46,25 --> 00:12:49,20
but the rest with it

129
00:12:49,20 --> 00:12:54,29
when it comes out then rationalize
a lot of things I have done.

130
00:12:55,12 --> 00:13:00,45
But let's leave those till we explore our
chemistry for this is a science which

131
00:13:00,45 --> 00:13:03,68
gives us so many things we
use every day of our lives.