Jewish history

English: Jewish history

The main category is: Category:Jewish history

Origins

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  Abraham Journeying into the Land of Canaan
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  Moses on the Knesset Menorah
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  Mountains in Sinai, traditional region for the Israelite theophany
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  Egyptian image of ibrw "mounted bowmen" at the Battle of Kadesh 1274 BCE, one suggested origin for Hebrew
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  Merneptah Stele, 1213-1203 BCE, first recorded extra-Biblical mention of Israel
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  12 Tribes of Israel according to the Book of Joshua
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  Rock hewn altar near Shiloh, early site of the Tabernacle in Israel
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  Ruth on the Knesset Menorah, convert from Moab, traditional anscestor of David

First Commonwealth

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  Walls of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem prior to David's conquest in 1000 BCE
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  Solomon's temple in Jerusalem
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  10th century BCE inscription showing the conquest of Judah (Yuteh Malek) by Shoshenq I
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  Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah in their region, 9th century BCE
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  Mesha Stele from Moab c.840 BCE, extensive description of Kingdom of Israel
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  King Jehu of Israel giving tribute to King Shalmaneser III of Assyria, on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser c.827 BCE
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  Biblical genealogy of kings of Israel and Judah described in 1 and 2 Kings
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  Reconstructed Israelite house, 10th–7th centuries BCE
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  Isaiah on the Knesset Menorah
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  King Hezekiah's tunnel in Jerusalem, 8th-7th centuries BCE
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  Judean captives led to slavery by the Assyrians after the siege of Lachish in 701 BCE
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  Tetragrammaton name of God in Paleo-Hebrew from Tel Lachish
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  Ten Lost Tribes of northern kingdom deportated to Assyria, 734-715 BCE

Babylonian and Persian exile

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  Jeremiah on the Knesset Menorah, who predicted the destruction of Jerusalem
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  Kingdom of Judah exiled to Babylon and destruction of Solomon's temple in 587 BCE
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  City of Babylon during the time of the Nebuchadnezzar II, 600 BCE
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  At the Rivers of Babylon (Psalm 137)
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  Ezekiel's vision in exile of the restored bones of Israel
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  Persian Empire, who conquered Babylon, around the time of Darius and Xerxes
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  Hand-written scroll of the Book of Esther, set in Persian Empire

Early Second Commonwealth

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  Ezra on the Knesset Menorah
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  Nehemia on the Knesset Menorah
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  Yehud coins from the Persian Empire province of Judah
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  Alexander the Great's empire and his route 334-323 BCE
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  Hellenistic enforcement of Seleucid Greek king Antiochus IV Epiphanes with Apollo
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  Tombs of the Maccabees national revolt against Seleucid Hellenism 167–160 BCE
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  Hasmonian dynasty rulers from the Maccabees until the time of Herod
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  Coin of Alexander Jannaeus 103-76 BCE, whose opposition to the Pharisees formented the Judean Civil War

Roman Empire

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  Early Rabbinic sage Hillel on the Knesset Menorah
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  One of the Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered between 1946 and 1956
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  Model of Herod's rebuilt Jerusalem temple
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  Philo of Alexandria c.20 BCE–50 CE, Hellenistic Jewish philosopher and influence on Christianity
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  Helena of Adiabene sarcophagus, 1st century queen of Adiabene and convert to Judaism, Jerusalem
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  Roman sack of Jerusalem in 70 CE depicted on the Arch of Titus
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  Translation of 1st century Jewish historian Josephus
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  Johanan ben Zakai, c.30-90 CE, re-established the Rabbinic Sanhedrin in Yavne after Jerusalem's destruction
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  The Roman Empire at its greatest extent in 117 CE
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  Tunnels from the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136 CE
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  Haninah ben Teradion, 2nd century sage martyred by the Romans
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  Coin of Hadrian 136 CE, changing Jerusalem into pagan city Aelia Capitolina banned to Jews
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  Map of 1st-2nd century CE synagogues in the Mediterranean world
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  Roman Jewish fresco from Dura Europos synagogue, Syria, 244 CE. Destroyed by Sassanids 256 CE

Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages

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  Babylonian Talmud on the Knesset Menorah
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  Aggadah Rabbinic Midrash on the Knesset Menorah
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  Schematic map of the Oral Torah development from the Pharisees to Halakha
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  Exhibit showing Talmudic sage and Exilarch political leader in Babylonia, Rav Huna
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  An emissary from the land of Israel is a Sabbath guest in Nehardea, Babylonia
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  Byzantine era mosaic from synagogue near Sea of Galilee, 5th-6th century
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  6th century underground mikvah Jewish ritual bath in Syracuse, Italy
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  Mohammed defeating the Banu Nadir Jewish tribe at Medina, 14th century art
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  Khazar Khaganate, 650–850. From the 8th century, the Khazar royalty and parts of the aristocracy converted to Judaism
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  8th-9th century Hebrew Selihah prayer, discovered in 1908 in the Dunhuang Caves of Gansu Province, China

High and Late Middle Ages

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  Rashi house in Worms, Germany
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  Golden Age of Spanish Jewry: codifier and philosopher Maimonides, and Jewish poets
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  Babylonian Talmud manuscript with commentaries from France, 1342
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  1348 Barcelona manuscript of Maimonides' philosophical Guide for the Perplexed
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  Statues of "Church" victorious and "Synagogue" defeated from Strasbourg Cathedral 12-13th centuries
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  Woodcut of disputation between Christian and Jewish scholars, which were often forced on Medieval Jews
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  Expulsions of Jews in Europe from 1100 to 1600
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  Medieval Passover Haggadah found in the Cairo Genizah
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  Sarajevo Haggadah manuscript from 14th century Spain
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  Amulet text from 15th century Jewish magic work

Early modern era

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  The Venice Ghetto, instituted 1516, gave its name to other Jewish restricted quarters in Europe
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  Title page of first edition of the kabbalistic Zohar, printed Mantua Italy 1558
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  Synagogue in Safed, Galilee, 16th century centre of Jewish religious renaissance
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  Baruch Spinoza, 1632–1677, Dutch philosopher and secular Jewish forerunner
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  Hope for the Messiah on the Knesset Menorah
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  The mystical heresy of Sabbatai Zevi, Messianic claimant of 1665-1666, broke Jewish unity
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  Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, built 1675
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  Council of the Four Lands, gave Poland Rabbinic autonomy
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  Synagogue of the Baal Shem Tov, 1700s founder of Hasidic movement mystical revival in Ukraine
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  Moses Mendelssohn, founder of Haskalah Jewish modernism, with German playwrite Lessing
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  Vilna Gaon, figurehead of Lithuanian-Yeshiva Talmudic movement
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  Illuminated Ketubah marriage contract from Yemen, 1795

19th century

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  1806 French print of Napoleon emancipating the Jews
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  Crimean Karaites, followers of non-Rabbinic Judaism originating 8th century CE, shown in 1837
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  The Hamburg Temple, first reform synagogue in Germany, location 1818–1844
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  Leopold Zunz, 1794–1886, founder of Wissenschaft des Judentums 19th century historical-critical investigation of Judaism
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  Samson Raphael Hirsch, 1808–1888, founder of Neo-Orthodox Judaism and leader of German Orthodox secessionist communities

20th century

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  Theodor Herzl, Zionist founder, in 1901
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  Belarus stamp with shtetl painting of Marc Chagall, 1887–1985
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  Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, reviver of the Hebrew language, in Jerusalem 1912
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  Simon Dubnow, 1860–1941, Jewish historian and activist, founder of the Yiddish culture East-European Jewish folkists party
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  Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical circle, 1922, reflecting assimilated Jewish culture of Vienna
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  Israeli currency portrait of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, 1880–1940, founder of Israel's right-wing secular politics
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  Martin Buber, philosopher and cultural Zionist, teaching at the Hebrew University Jerusalem
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  Religious anti-Zionist and pro-Zionist Rabbis Sonnenfeld, and Kook, the first chief Rabbi of Palestine and founder of Religious Zionism, early 1930s
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  Menorah in Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russian Far East, established by Stalin 1934
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  WW2 propaganda
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  Warsaw Ghetto uprising in April 1943
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  Yemenite immigrants celebrating Passover, Tel Aviv 1946
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  Exodus ship carrying Jewish emigrants to Palestine in 1947
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  Israeli tanks crossing the Suez Canal in the 1973 Yom Kippur War
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  Israeli - Palestinian Oslo Accords in 1993
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  Diaspora Museum Tel Aviv. Exhibit "One culture: Many facets. The growth of pluralism in modern Jewish spiritual life"