File:Reporte de El Despertador Americano (20-12-1810).pdf

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Original file ‎(808 × 1,114 pixels, file size: 1.29 MB, MIME type: application/pdf, 10 pages)

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First issue of the Mexican revolutionary newspaper El Despertador Americano, from December 20, 1810.

Summary

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Description
English: December 20, 1810, issue of El Despertador Americano (roughly translated from Spanish as "The Watchful American" or "The American Alarm"), the first issue of a Mexican newspaper published by revolutionary sympathizers during the early stages of the Mexican War of Independence, in the city of Guadalajara. This issue attacks European settlers in Mexico, accusing them of cowardice and hypocricy for their acts and attitude toward the French invasion of Spain and making the Spanish colonies in the Americas vulnerable to an invasion, and then it incites the criollo population (Mexicans of European ancestry) to "wake up to the sound of the chains you've been dragging for the last three centuries" and revolt.
Español: Edición del 20 de diciembre de 1810 de El Despertador Americano, el primer número de un periódico mexicano publicado por simpatizantes revolucionarios durante las etapas tempranas de la Guerra de Independencia de México, en la ciudad de Guadalajara. Esta edición ataca a los europeos establecidos en México, acusándolos de ser cobardes e hipócritas por sus acciones y actitud respecto a la invasión francesa de España y de hacer a las colonias españolas en América vulnerables a ser invadidas, y luego incita a las poblaciones criollas a despertar "al ruido de las cadenas que arrastráis ha tres siglos" y levantarse en armas.
Date
Source Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes: https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/nd/ark:/59851/bmcff4k2
Author AnonymousUnknown author

Licensing

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This work is in the public domain in its source country for the following reason:
Public domain
This work is in the public domain in Mexico for one of the following reasons:
  • Its author died before 1952 (Mexico had a term of 30 years after the author's death until 1982,[1] and no copyright term extension in 1982 or later restored copyright to expired works).
  • It is an artistic or literary work published before 1918 (Mexico had a term of 30 years until 1948).[2]
  • It is a work of a Mexican government (federal, state, or municipal) and it was published before 1924 (100 years ago).[3]
  • Anonymous works are considered in the public domain until the author or the owner of the rights are identified.[4]
  1. ↑ See 1963 Art.23(I).
  2. ↑ See 1928 Art.1183.
  3. ↑ See 1996-2018 Art.29(II).
  4. ↑ See 1996-2018 Art. 153.

You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.

This work is in the public domain in the United States for the following reason:
Public domain

This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.

This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.
This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.

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