File:NLC416-01jh003800-12132 民主主義與社會主義.pdf

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民主主義與社會主義   (Wikidata search (Cirrus search) Wikidata query (SPARQL)  Create new Wikidata item based on this file)
Author
張東蓀著
image of artwork listed in title parameter on this page
Title
民主主義與社會主義
Publisher
觀察社
Description

共40節。評述自由、平等概念的歷史發展,革命暴力問題,計劃經濟、合作社、集體農場,以及文化自由等問題。附錄:《虜獄生活簡記》。

目錄

一 本書從理論與歷史將民主主義與社會主義合併討論。不採取定義形式。
二 民主主義與社會主義共同置其基礎於幾個概念,如自由、平等、公正、理性等。
三 理性主義與民主主義社會主義之關係。
四 概念群與文化交織
五 科學發生後,社會科學亦成立,在把真理與信仰分開。
六 關於人事的知識不能將本人完全除開。因此在這方面,容忍乃有理論上之根據。
七 民主主義即以上述各概念為其基型,但實際上只有各國的民主狀態。
八 自由概念之發展與變遷。
九 平等概念在古代先於自由而被重視。契約論的思想之由來。
一○ 文藝復興與宗教改革重新把自由抬高起來。注重個性。
一一 消極的自由即反抗暴政與強權。政府權限愈少愈好的思想從此發生。革命的權利亦由此出。
一二 經濟方面的產業革命助成其事。中等階級抬頭。
一三 民族國家的出現。古代民主之所以失敗。
一四 法國大革命的情形可為例證。
一五 民主主義與社會主義是向着同一的方向而進。
一六 原始共產之不能維持與原始民主相同。
一七 人民物質生活提高的要求統括歷史全部進程。馬克斯據此乃發見使理想如何與實際相銜接。
一八 資本主義與國族主義是有銜接作用的。
一九 國族主義反是由國際主義失敗而出。
二○ 個人主義發為資本主義乃站住了。
二一 國族主義與個人主義皆有利亦有弊。
二二 革命用暴力不是一個理論問題。
二三 一切不幸都由於革命者與反革命者雙方相煎而演成。
二四 這卻與平和不可分有關。
二五 尚有心理上性情的距離。
二六 計畫經濟的出現。
二七 計畫經濟上的資本問題。
二八 消費節約與造產之關係。
二九 全民生產動員的發明。
三○ 合作社亦是一種銜接物。
三一 貧富差別與社會主義本質無關。
三二 人性問題。只能採取漸進主義以謀改變。
三三 對外貿易由國家統辦是一國實行社會主義之前提。
三四 集合農場足為一切改良農業的國家所取法。
三五 產業落後國家必須以生產為標準決定自由平等的度量。
三六 蘇聯的言論自由。基本點的一致與自我批評。
三七 文化自由之重要。馬克斯主義在本質上不是宗教。
三八 馬克斯主義與民主主義是一件事。
三九 馬克斯主義之理想成份。
四○ 本書觀點是綜合的,而不與分析相背。
補義
一 人類有提高生活水準的普通要求,可據為推動力,使社會與文化起變化。每遇生產關係達到不能再提高其生產力時乃會有革命的要求。
二 革命卻不見得都能把已封塞的生產力解放開來,所以有成功的革命與失敗的革命。
三 失敗的革命惟中國獨多。這種換朝代式的革命竟有周期性。
四 其故是由於統治階級的正反(朝野)集團都是由無固定生活基礎的游離分子所組成。
五 在換朝代式下新革命的統治集團為了事後安插其有功人員計,不能不仍向老百姓身上榨壓。這乃是周期性所組成的原故。
六 關於解放生產力再發展的桎梏,很難摸到其恰好的分際與限界。故革命後的問題在歷史所示於吾人的只是如何克服自己內部的困難。
七 社會主義本不主克制人們欲望,但在產業落後國家,人們無法向自然界發泄其欲望,則只有偏向到權力一方面去,想以多支配他人而滿足其自己。
八 在此便見有真正民主的需要。尤其在把干政治與謀生活絕對分開為兩事。
九 節錄夏炎德先生引伸的數點。
十 附言

Language Chinese
Publication date 民國37[1948]
Source
institution QS:P195,Q732353
(民國時期文獻 民國圖書)
館藏信息
InfoField
全國圖書館文獻縮微中心 國家圖書館
主題
InfoField
民主主義 社會主義
中圖分類
InfoField
D082
拼音題名
InfoField
min zhu zhu yi yu she hui zhu yi
載體形態
InfoField
99頁

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