File:A-dilation-driven-vortex-flow-in-sheared-granular-materials-explains-a-rheometric-anomaly-ncomms10630-s4.ogv

English: Supplementary Movie 3 Animation of particle motion in the y-z plane in a DEM simulation of plane Couette flow. The thick black boundaries on the left and right are the two moving walls (see Fig. 5a), and the boundary at the bottom is the stationary base. All the particles in the unit cell are projected onto the plane x=0, with their y and z coordinates preserved. The left and right walls move into and out of the plane, respectively (Fig. 5a). For clarity of viewing, the particles are rendered at 1/5 of their actual size, and only a small fraction of particles are made visible, which are initially in two layers: one of thickness 3dp at the free surface, and the other of thickness 2dp mid-way between the free surface and the base. The particles are colored according to their initial positions, to highlight visualization of the secondary flow—the coloring has no significance otherwise. The time span of the movie corresponds to each wall translating a distance of 150dp. The simulation is for fill height H =30dp, Savage number Sa =2×10-6, and rough walls.