User:Donald Trung/Society of the Nguyễn Dynasty under French domination

This is a user gallery of images uploaded by Donald Trung Quoc Don (徵國單) that showcase the society of the Nguyễn Dynasty under French domination (the French protectorates of Annam & Tonkin).

Society of the Nguyễn Dynasty under French domination

• 
  A Đồng Khánh period text regarding the demographics of Hưng Hóa referring to the ethic groups as "Hán(-Vietnamese)" (漢), "Thanh" (清), and "Thổ" (土). This indicates that during the beginning of the French period the Vietnamese still maintained the "Hoa-Di distinction" and seeing themselves as "Hoa nhân" (華人), while the the indigenous peoples and the subjects of the Manchu Thanh Dynasty were viewed as "uncivilised".
• 
  The book General Reader (普通讀本) written by Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨) in the year Duy Tân 4 (維新四年) that discusses modern European concepts of understanding the globe, notice that on the cover it states that its contents is both in Latin script (國語) and in Classical Chinese (漢字).
• 
  Hanoian women smoking during the 1910's, notice the fact that they wear the traditional "yếm".
• 
  Many words commonly used in the Vietnamese language today were considered to be "new" and "unfamiliar" words during the 1910's. A large number of these words were created by Japanese and Chinese reformers translating Post-French Revolution European concepts into Classical Chinese.
• 
  Young Annamite girls learning mathematics in class during the 1920's, during this period the French introduced the knowledge they've acquired to new French-style schools.
• 
  Three different types of Bảo Đại Thông Bảo (保大通寳) cash coins, while the Mexican Peso-based French Indo-Chinese Piastre was already introduced, the government of the Nguyễn Dynasty would continue to produce cash coins until its end. Notably the largest of these cash coins have a denomination of 10 zinc cash coins (十文), which by this time haven't been officially produced for eight (8) decades.
• 
  A French Indo-Chinese 50 (fifty) cent silver coin with its weight and silver purity (or "fineness"), this might be because contemporary Vietnamese treated the small silver coins "as sycees" (being judged on weight and silver content) rather than as denominations. This is likely part of the slow social development of the Nguyễn Dynasty society transitioning from a weight-based quadrimetallic system into a denominations based fiat currency.
• 
  A political cartoon published in Ngày Nay during the 1930's that compared a Japanese administrator with a Nguyễn Dynasty mandarin to showcase that Japan has "modernised" while the Nguyễn Empire was "stuck in the past".
• 
  A Bảo Đại period cartoon talking about gender equality showing a man putting on make-up. While usually when "gender equality" is discussed women's issues and rights are discussed or the role of women in society and the female gender roles, but this cartoon shows a man breaking male gender roles in proclamation of the equality of men and women.
• 
  An "Order of Kim-Bội certificate - 2nd class" showing both Classical Chinese and French used on such documents. The prominent status of Classical Chinese continued until the very end of the Nguyễn Empire.
• 
  A 1939 diploma issued by the government of the Nguyễn Dynasty in the French protectorate of Annam, notice its general design resembling a French diploma but augmented with the the mixed usage of both vernacular Vietnamese written in Latin script and Classical Chinese written in Traditional Chinese characters (also from right-to-left) and the traditional Chinese seals.
• 
  A notice of a noble title issued to a Frenchman working for the French Indo-Chinese government in Huế, this is a letter from the Ministry of Rites and Labour to the Resident-Superior of Annam and notably contains the minister's office seal. This shows that traditional Chinese seals in seal script continued to be used on European-style documents.
• 
  The "indigenous language edition" (Vietnamese-language edition) of the official bulletin of the government of the French protectorate of Tonkin issued in the year 1939 which shows the overlapping authority of both the French colonial administration and the Nguyễn Dynasty. It contains a collection of public laws and official decisions as well as a number of indigenous language magazines and newspapers such as the Saint Dominic Bimonthly, Women’s Weekly, The Moscow Journal, and Theatre and Cinema.