English subtitles for clip: File:Will we all be forced to share houses in the future.webm

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do you have trouble finding a house

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in this lecture i'll tell you if sharing

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is the solution will we be forced to

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share houses in the future

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[Music]

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this is the university of the

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netherlands how do you live

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on your own or with a partner

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did you buy a house

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or are you renting

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with the ongoing housing crisis people

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are both choosing or being forced to

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share houses more frequently

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be that roommates or in idyllic

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communities where people are also

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working together and are more than just

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neighbors

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in this lecture i will talk about shared

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and collaborative housing as a potential

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option for the future of living and i

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will zoom in to pros and cons of sharing

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by choice or by necessity

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housing systems in many high-income

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economies are broken

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signs of this have been there for over a

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decade but few changes have been made in

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housing policy in finance

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or in the building industry

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it used to be that owning a house was

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the way to go

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owning a house was a sign of welfare and

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being able to provide for yourself

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governments made it easier for people to

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own their homes through tax benefits

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but nowadays owning isn't possible for

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everyone anymore

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fewer people

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especially young people are able through

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their own means to secure a mortgage and

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purchase a home suitable to their needs

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at the same time there is a widespread

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shortage of houses and a growing demand

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especially for rented affordable homes

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but building a bunch of extra homes

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isn't that easy either

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due to the impact it has on climate co2

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emissions and material use

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also we are having quite some trouble

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figuring out what kind of houses should

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we build in the first place

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in the last decades we saw a steep

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increase in the number of people living

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alone

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in cities around the world one third to

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a full half of all people live alone

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both young and old

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that doesn't mean they are loners our

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lives and expectations have changed when

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it comes to relationships to forming a

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couple or having children and this

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impacts the kind of houses that we need

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at different times

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our incomes have failed to keep up with

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prices of housing

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and this impacts the kind of houses that

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we can afford

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finally digital technology has made it

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easier for us to do things at a distance

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the last year is a testament to that

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but we also realized that physical

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co-presence is essential to our mental

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health and well-being

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that's why people are more and more

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sharing housing

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with shared housing i mean when people

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who do not form a household do live

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together

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this can be in the form of renting an

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apartment with friends

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or with strangers

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or living together in a community

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and what follows let me give you a few

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examples of what sharing actually means

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i will start with co-renting or renting

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a room in a shared house or building

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when you think shared apartment living

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we might think of a tv show friends

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everybody gets along and lives happily

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together like a student house but for

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working people

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friends sharing living space requires

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quite some negotiation over the use of

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space

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over bills over cleaning schedules

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it also requires a bit of commitment to

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be emotionally available and connect to

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others who are not your family

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but it also comes with advantages like

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more affordable living and some degree

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of flexibility

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this sounds good

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but newer forms of co-renting hardly fit

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this idealized image

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one example are places like the student

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hotel where a person can rent a room

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from a day to a year with monthly rents

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at above 800 euros quite steep for

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students who are used to paying three or

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maybe 400 euros for a room

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but price is not the only issue with

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co-living developments such as these

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they also redefine sharing as something

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quite different from sharing among

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friends

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there is little to no personal

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relationship among residents that move

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frequently

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and sharing means living in close

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proximity to branded like-minded others

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utilizing the same facilities

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gyms or working areas with free internet

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but doing that together

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well in fact you might have nothing in

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common with the people you are sharing

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with and you just share because you need

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a place to live

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to ensure like-mindedness some operators

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even ask for a cv to access a room

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strangely

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in other words we moved from friends

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sharing to stranger sharing

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the market for co-renting has a less

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aspirational side to it as well

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a sort of underbelly of precarious

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living at the bottom of the market where

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sharing has nothing to do with

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globetrotting digital nomads and has

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everything to do with lack of choice

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one example are shared tenancies in the

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uk

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here a single person on a low income can

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only claim housing benefit for the rate

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of a shared room

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this means that many times people coming

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from very difficult situations with

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histories of homelessness or substance

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abuse end up sharing with strangers

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and this brings them to live in close

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quarters with other people that they may

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find dangerous

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women in these situations find it

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particularly hard to bear and even

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though they may be housed they don't

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really have a home to go to

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what is fascinating about this type of

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sharing

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is how little we know about it and how

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fast they've grown in the last decades

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all over the world

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to give an extreme example if you asked

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the japanese person about sharing in the

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2000s

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they would be totally unaware of such a

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possibility

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it all started around 2004 with housing

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called shaya hausou modeled after

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friends

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the original ones were targeting foreign

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residents since it was expected that

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only those strange people coming from

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western countries would share

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but it went from there to 15 000 units

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around 2010

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and 25 000 units around 2018 2019 and

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this in tokyo alone

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and it spread from tokyo to every major

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city catering to japanese residents

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um in the aspirational trench where

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share houses provide opportunities to

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pursue hobbies or even find a life

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partner

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but also in the bottom of the market

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where rooms of 10 to 12 meter squares

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with only half walls in between the

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units are offered at the cheapest rents

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quick takeaway sharing living space

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might have started as a cool alternative

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way of living for young people

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but as more and more of us are pushed

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into sharing in an inaccessible and

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unaffordable housing market we start to

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see that sharing has quite a few

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undesirable parts

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co-renting

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is maybe something that people do out of

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necessity

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but there are also people that

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deliberately choose to share

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in a form of collaborative housing or

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co-housing

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here people typically have their own

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house or apartment

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but they may own the lands together as a

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cooperative for example

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and they may share gardens common

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kitchens and other spaces as a

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collective

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the person in the house next to you

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isn't simply a neighbor

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you invest together in a place both in

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terms of money and in terms of time and

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effort

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the people living in collaborative

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housing have shared values

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for example wanting to own less or live

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a low impact life

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they also value social interaction and

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community life

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one example of environmentally minded

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collaborative housing are eco villages

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where low impact lifestyles paired with

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low energy housing and circular

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construction techniques

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create models of what it might mean to

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live sustainably

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these are not just private houses with

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shared communal spaces like co-living

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developments that we discussed earlier

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they involve commitment

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from residents during the whole process

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from design to financing to building and

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then to management and forming a

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community

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the problem with collaborative housing

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is that it has a very high cost of entry

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self-provisioning or small-scale

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provisioning

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relies on people's income and capital in

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order to start up

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everybody needs to be able to get a

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mortgage and have the money to build

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so especially co-housing tends to be

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more for the middle or upper middle

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class

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to reduce costs collaborative housing

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may require a lot of time commitment

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from residents both during development

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when residents might lend a hand in a

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diy build

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and after

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by participating in committees in the

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general management and maintenance of

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the place

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in other words if you are at the bottom

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of the market looking for a place to

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live this form of sharing isn't really

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accessible

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the last example i will give comes from

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the netherlands and is a type of housing

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with shared facilities and activities

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that has been developed in the social

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rented sector

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it predominantly serves vulnerable

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groups like status holders labor

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migrants but also students or the

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elderly it has both aspects of shared

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apartments and living in a community

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in flex housing

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people from different groups rent a room

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or small apartment

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but live together as well

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it is based on the idea that they

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self-organize in sharing spaces and

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activities

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do you want to organize an event go

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ahead start a communal garden perfect

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the idea is that people are meant to

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help each other and learn from each

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other

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therefore a basic element of community

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building is present that makes this

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different

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you don't simply co-rent you are

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required to invest time in the community

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by organizing and engaging in activities

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but flex housing is not your typical

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community-led co-housing either there

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are housing associations and social

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organizations behind these projects that

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make sure that the community actually

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functions

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they make the rules so as a tenant

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you don't have the same kind of autonomy

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and decision making power as you would

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as a co-housing or cooperative resident

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i've studied flex housing provided for

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status holders what you would call the

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very bottom of the market where at times

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housing units are little more than

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remodeled containers

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what we found is that flex housing can

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be successful in providing affordable

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yet reasonably decent housing that at

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the same time gives residents an

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opportunity to form a community

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but this is not always the case

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what we found is that residents by far

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benefit from these schemes when they are

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smaller

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and more embedded in the neighborhood

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where they are built

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promoting interactions with people

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outside of the flex housing project as

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well as within

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finally these schemes are more

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successful when they allow residents to

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share normal everyday activities

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like cooking

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not just staged events

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and this

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sharing of everyday activities enable

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friendships to form and social barriers

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to be broken

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so if done properly flex housing can be

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a middle swiss spot between

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collaborative housing with its high

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entry costs and high commitment

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expectations and rented shared housing

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that is more flexible but can also be

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more exploitative

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nevertheless it does require a fair

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amount of social engineering meaning

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that it has a high chance of failing

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especially at the social part

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i started this talk by saying that we

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are facing a housing crisis and that new

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forms of housing that try to offer an

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alternative

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rely on practices of sharing and

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collaboration

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i've given a few different examples of

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how shared and collaborative housing is

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organized and what the potential pros

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and cons of sharing housing are

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so is more sharing a solution to the

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current affordability and shortage of

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housing

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the very academic answer to that is it

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could be

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but it needs to be done properly

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over enthusiasm about sharing and the

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rosy image of like-minded people forming

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instant communities when provided with

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free internet and the gym do not help

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if we learned anything from studying

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shared and collaborative housing it is

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that sharing is difficult

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as i see it the ideal way of sharing

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housing is one where you actually have a

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choice to share

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and you do so in a way that enhances

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your ability to form connections and

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live in a community

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will sharing become more common in the

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future i would say yes

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but let's make sure that if it does

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it is not because we are forced into it

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thank you for listening

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[Music]

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you