English subtitles for clip: File:Experime1940.ogv
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3 00:00:55,99 --> 00:00:57,12 I should like to tell you 4 00:00:57,12 --> 00:01:03,42 that I've seen some of the experiments shown in this film actually carried out 5 00:01:04,12 --> 00:01:10,84 at the all-Russian physiological congress. As you can imagine, technique is 6 00:01:10,84 --> 00:01:11,57 everything. 7 00:01:12,88 --> 00:01:18,86 Besides such work as you're about to see, Brukhonenko shares the credit for 8 00:01:18,86 --> 00:01:24,36 the methods of human blood transfusions which were first developed in the Soviet Union 10 00:01:25,70 --> 00:01:31,52 and are now practiced in this country which has saved so many lives during the war. 11 00:01:31,53 --> 00:01:36,91 What enabled Soviet scientists to solve this problem? 12 00:01:38,86 --> 00:01:41,25 Long ago, scientists established the fact 13 00:01:41,25 --> 00:01:46,96 that animals organs and tissues isolated from the whole organism can and did maintain a living 14 00:01:46,96 --> 00:01:50,24 state. But in order to achieve this, 15 00:01:50,47 --> 00:01:53,39 special artificial conditions must be created. 17 00:02:08,62 --> 00:02:11,30 Isolated organs can be brought to life 18 00:02:11,60 --> 00:02:17,23 even though they've been removed from the animal's corpse sometime after death. Here's a 19 00:02:17,23 --> 00:02:18,06 dog's heart. 20 00:02:26,23 --> 00:02:29,59 It can function as well in artificial conditions as in a living organism. 21 00:02:30,58 --> 00:02:31,22 And for this purpose, 22 00:02:31,48 --> 00:02:37,77 blood is introduced into the cardiac vessels. The isolated heart beat just as it 23 00:02:37,77 --> 00:02:42,90 did a few hours previously in the living dog. 24 00:03:05,86 --> 00:03:09,02 The following experiment is conducted on lungs taken from an animal. 25 00:03:15,91 --> 00:03:20,67 Bellows expand the lungs 26 00:03:20,67 --> 00:03:23,19 and fill them with air. 27 00:03:36,71 --> 00:03:39,93 The venous blood is forced into the lungs by the action of the pump. 28 00:03:43,77 --> 00:03:47,77 The dog's venous blood passes through this tube. 29 00:03:53,49 --> 00:03:59,93 In the lungs, it takes up oxygen and becomes arterial blood. 30 00:04:09,87 --> 00:04:14,79 The isolated lungs breathe, producing the same chemical changes as in a living animal. 31 00:04:26,88 --> 00:04:30,40 An animal's head can also live in the isolated condition. 32 00:04:31,70 --> 00:04:33,21 Here is the plan of the experiment: 33 00:04:39,52 --> 00:04:40,53 The arterial pump 34 00:04:40,68 --> 00:04:45,18 takes arterial blood from the reservoir to the head while the venous pump 35 00:04:45,37 --> 00:04:50,47 drains off the venous blood. The blood is arterialized in the reservoir 36 00:04:51,05 --> 00:04:53,34 where there is a steady flow of oxygen. 38 00:05:24,03 --> 00:05:25,61 The artificial blood circulation 39 00:05:25,61 --> 00:05:29,22 ensures the metabolism necessary for the life of the head. 40 00:05:37,95 --> 00:05:42,74 The isolated head lives on for hours and reacts to external stimuli. 44 00:06:25,97 --> 00:06:32,53 The isolated head even reacts to light and sound. 45 00:06:50,67 --> 00:06:57,52 The revival of individual organs enabled scientists 46 00:06:57,52 --> 00:07:01,47 to proceed to experiment on reviving the whole organism. 47 00:07:02,34 --> 00:07:08,62 The revival of the whole organism can be achieved with the help of an apparatus 48 00:07:08,62 --> 00:07:10,84 called the Auto-Injector(?). 49 00:07:22,82 --> 00:07:26,68 The Auto-Injector(?) carries out the functions of the heart and lungs. 50 00:07:28,11 --> 00:07:35,09 As we know, 51 00:07:35,09 --> 00:07:40,00 the heart's rhythmical contractions supplies the body with arterial blood, 52 00:07:40,00 --> 00:07:41,58 rich in oxygen. 54 00:07:49,99 --> 00:07:54,08 After losing its oxygen, the blood returns to the heart through the veins. 55 00:07:58,87 --> 00:07:59,13 From then, 56 00:08:00,00 --> 00:08:05,89 it flows into the lungs. Whence with a fresh supply of oxygen, it returns to the heart 57 00:08:06,69 --> 00:08:08,97 and then spills into the arteries of the organ. 58 00:08:22,27 --> 00:08:28,47 The Auto-Injector(?) works on the same principle. The apparatus includes a system of pumps 59 00:08:28,47 --> 00:08:30,69 for supply of blood and drawing it out. 60 00:08:45,21 --> 00:08:51,58 The arterial pump supplies the organism with 61 00:08:51,58 --> 00:08:52,25 arterial blood. 62 00:08:54,21 --> 00:08:58,81 when the blood has given up its oxygen, the venous pump draws it back into the 63 00:08:58,81 --> 00:09:04,21 reservoir. Here, just as in the lungs, it's enriched with oxygen 64 00:09:04,21 --> 00:09:09,07 and returns into the organism. The blood passing into the arteries of the body 65 00:09:09,07 --> 00:09:11,26 ensures the necessary metabolism. 66 00:09:12,17 --> 00:09:19,12 In this way, the Auto-Injector(?) can perform the work of both the 67 00:09:19,12 --> 00:09:21,68 heart and lungs. 68 00:09:38,93 --> 00:09:44,02 We begin the experiment of revival. The experiment is carried out on a dog. 69 00:10:00,00 --> 00:10:06,51 A substance which prevents clotting is 70 00:10:06,51 --> 00:10:11,19 introduced into the animal's blood. The dog is under an anesthetic. 71 00:10:11,21 --> 00:10:13,42 It doesn't feel pain. 72 00:10:14,77 --> 00:10:17,90 No interruption of the animal's normal functions has yet occurred. 73 00:10:28,44 --> 00:10:32,01 The dog reacts the touch, its pupils are normal. 74 00:10:45,66 --> 00:10:49,30 A special apparatus, the chemo-graph(?), registers the breathing 75 00:10:49,30 --> 00:10:55,37 and the function of the dog's heart. 76 00:10:55,37 --> 00:10:56,32 The pulse and breathing are normal. 78 00:11:07,04 --> 00:11:12,71 The experiment begins. All the blood is drained out through the carotid(?) artery. 86 00:12:00,00 --> 00:12:04,83 The heart has stopped. 88 00:12:19,52 --> 00:12:24,17 This is one of the animal's last gasps. 89 00:12:30,18 --> 00:12:31,32 This is the final breath. 90 00:12:46,01 --> 00:12:47,24 The dog is dead. 92 00:13:05,66 --> 00:13:08,93 Without operated interference, deaths would be final 93 00:13:09,31 --> 00:13:16,30 as with disintegration of the body's cells would gradually set in. 94 00:13:16,31 --> 00:13:19,37 The Auto-Ejector(?) is being attached before starting a revival. 95 00:13:21,10 --> 00:13:23,46 The arterial pump is connected with the artery. 96 00:13:34,02 --> 00:13:36,26 The venous pump is connected with a vein. 97 00:14:00,00 --> 00:14:08,09 Ten minutes have elapsed since the animal died. 98 00:14:10,76 --> 00:14:16,68 The blood removed from the animal is pumped back into its vessels by the Auto-Ejector(?). 99 00:14:21,17 --> 00:14:26,89 The Auto-Ejector(?) ensures a normal blood circulation in the organism, replacing the 100 00:14:26,89 --> 00:14:27,28 action of the dead heart and lungs. 102 00:15:00,70 --> 00:15:28,40 The artificial blood circulation gradually induces the heart to start beating again. 103 00:15:32,38 --> 00:15:59,45 Heart action begins to be normal. First sigh. 104 00:16:03,15 --> 00:16:17,38 Respiration is gradually restored. 105 00:16:25,24 --> 00:16:27,00 The dog breathes more normally and evenly. 106 00:16:27,00 --> 00:16:35,05 An animal's condition which is normal. 107 00:16:35,06 --> 00:16:37,26 We can now disconnect the Auto-Ejector 108 00:16:37,26 --> 00:16:53,96 and leave the organism of a dog to maintain life with its own resources. 109 00:16:56,51 --> 00:17:03,13 The dogs soon shakes off the effects of the anesthetic. 110 00:17:03,14 --> 00:17:04,79 The dog is still weak and can't move. 111 00:17:38,87 --> 00:17:42,73 After ten to twelve days, the dog returns to its normal state. 112 00:17:50,79 --> 00:17:55,93 After the experiment, (the) dogs lived for years, they grow, they put on weight, 113 00:17:55,93 --> 00:17:57,23 and have families. 114 00:18:12,15 --> 00:18:13,97 For a number of years now, 115 00:18:13,99 --> 00:18:19,79 three dogs have been under observation in the Polonaise Medical Institute after 116 00:18:19,80 --> 00:18:30,12 being revived by artificial blood circulation. 117 00:18:30,14 --> 00:18:34,70 This dog, Bani(?), was revived in 1939 118 00:18:34,72 --> 00:18:37,45 after having been dead for eight minutes. 119 00:18:38,35 --> 00:18:44,36 Black Ears is the offspring of revived parents. She, herself, was revived in 120 00:18:44,36 --> 00:18:48,56 1939 after eleven and a half minutes of death. 121 00:18:48,58 --> 00:18:52,05 Naida was revived in 1938 122 00:18:52,38 --> 00:18:55,71 after fifteen minutes of death. 123 00:19:01,72 --> 00:19:04,05 These experiments, on the revival of dogs, 124 00:19:04,05 --> 00:19:08,39 has shown that the process has no harmful effects on the animal organism. 125 00:19:08,39 --> 00:19:14,03 The question of the revival of animals is one of the most interesting problems 126 00:19:14,03 --> 00:19:15,22 in physiology to day. 127 00:19:16,43 --> 00:19:21,02 Experiments on revival have added to the valuable store of our knowledge of 128 00:19:21,02 --> 00:19:22,08 experimental medicine.