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1 00:00:23,76 --> 00:00:29,00 The southwestern region of the United States Texas Oklahoma New Mexico 2 00:00:29,00 --> 00:00:34,71 and Arizona is sometimes regarded as a great empire New Mexico 3 00:00:34,71 --> 00:00:40,04 and Arizona alone spanned the broad rocky mountain plateau. 4 00:00:40,06 --> 00:00:43,52 High level plain mocks the plateaus eastern boundary 5 00:00:44,64 --> 00:00:48,69 and mountains across their Jagat peaks into its northern limit. 6 00:00:49,86 --> 00:00:55,14 Rainfall is heaviest toward the east where many streams begin threading their way 7 00:00:55,14 --> 00:00:57,65 down through the fertile farmlands of Oklahoma 8 00:00:57,65 --> 00:01:03,51 and Texas to the Mississippi Basin and the Gulf of Mexico. 9 00:01:03,52 --> 00:01:08,99 On the western side the slow rise of the plateau has forced the Colorado River to 10 00:01:08,99 --> 00:01:11,44 dig it's bad a mile deep in the Grand Canyon. 11 00:01:12,01 --> 00:01:17,10 As it flows toward the Gulf of Lower California. 12 00:01:19,02 --> 00:01:23,96 The great dry plateau is dotted with picturesque stretches of denser. 13 00:01:23,98 --> 00:01:26,80 The mountains come down from the north. 14 00:01:27,87 --> 00:01:29,15 There are about can expand 15 00:01:29,15 --> 00:01:33,65 or cones which seem to have ceased activity only recently. 16 00:01:35,06 --> 00:01:41,64 The plateau is a country a mountain plain and Canyon. 17 00:01:41,65 --> 00:01:46,45 The Grand Canyon of the Colorado attracts thousands of tourists annually. 18 00:01:46,83 --> 00:01:51,45 As well as geologists who come to read the history of the earth in its exposed rock 19 00:01:51,45 --> 00:01:54,87 Strait. 20 00:01:55,97 --> 00:01:59,21 Either plateau lands contain a wealth of lure for tourists. 21 00:02:00,00 --> 00:02:03,93 A wealth of speculation on cultures of a bygone age. 22 00:02:05,42 --> 00:02:11,99 For ages Indians have found this plateau a good place to live the Spanish fortune 23 00:02:11,99 --> 00:02:16,70 hunters in their earliest sixteenth century explorations came upon ancient cultures 24 00:02:16,70 --> 00:02:22,94 here. As a result of intermarriage Spanish blood mixed with 25 00:02:22,94 --> 00:02:27,99 that of native indian continues to this day and many people of the southwest. 26 00:02:28,37 --> 00:02:33,01 Both Spanish and English our official languages in New Mexico. 27 00:02:35,65 --> 00:02:40,52 Prehistoric irrigation systems are reflected in giant modern project in the Rio 28 00:02:40,52 --> 00:02:42,23 Grande and healer River Basin. 29 00:02:43,14 --> 00:02:47,40 Crops include most of the country's long staple cotton. 30 00:02:48,56 --> 00:02:52,64 More important than the plateau However other cattle ranch is introduced by the 31 00:02:52,64 --> 00:02:56,80 Spaniards these influence life even today in this region. 32 00:02:58,07 --> 00:02:59,54 In the vast dried table 33 00:02:59,54 --> 00:03:04,39 and our huge cattle ranges stocked with thousands of highly bred beef cattle 34 00:03:05,17 --> 00:03:08,83 and of late years thousands of dairy cattle. 35 00:03:10,17 --> 00:03:12,40 There are sheep ranges with millions of sheep. 36 00:03:12,72 --> 00:03:19,05 Many herds owned or cared for by Mexicans or by Indians such as the Navajo. 37 00:03:20,03 --> 00:03:24,96 New Mexico has ranked among leading sheep grazing regions since the time of Spanish 38 00:03:24,96 --> 00:03:27,19 occupation. 39 00:03:27,21 --> 00:03:31,37 She production of the eastern portion of the plateau including portions of Texas 40 00:03:31,37 --> 00:03:37,75 and Oklahoma exceeds even that of Arizona and New Mexico. 41 00:03:39,59 --> 00:03:45,05 That's our west Texas sub region leads the nation in production of mohair the wall 42 00:03:45,05 --> 00:03:46,78 of Angora go. 43 00:03:48,89 --> 00:03:55,78 Taxes Oklahoma and other plains states. Developing vast Turkey ranches. 44 00:03:57,07 --> 00:03:59,27 The Spaniards overlook Arizona's copper. 45 00:04:00,00 --> 00:04:04,07 Today her mine is produce nearly one half of the nation's copper. 46 00:04:05,40 --> 00:04:10,07 In addition Arizona has some gold and silver zinc 47 00:04:10,80 --> 00:04:16,64 and Len billions of tons of coal of this sub region underlie Indian reservations 48 00:04:16,64 --> 00:04:22,73 its hands cannot be developed at present New Mexico is coming to the fore as a 49 00:04:22,73 --> 00:04:28,52 producer of petroleum and also produces some copper silver gold 50 00:04:29,40 --> 00:04:32,19 and coal. 51 00:04:33,16 --> 00:04:34,34 The vast state of Texas 52 00:04:34,34 --> 00:04:39,36 and her sister state Oklahoma to the north are the more fertile portion of the 53 00:04:39,36 --> 00:04:43,22 Southwest where rainfall is heavier. 54 00:04:44,29 --> 00:04:46,33 This region likewise was crossed 55 00:04:46,33 --> 00:04:53,08 and recrossed by early Spanish explorers later Americans who had gradually 56 00:04:53,08 --> 00:04:57,10 settled in eastern Texas struck for liberty at the Alamo mall 57 00:04:57,10 --> 00:04:58,12 and at Sandhurst in tow 58 00:04:58,89 --> 00:05:05,71 and Texas became a republic which joined the union in eighteen forty five. 59 00:05:07,64 --> 00:05:12,90 To the nonce lay Oklahoma land of the red man was hunting ground of wandering 60 00:05:12,90 --> 00:05:15,42 Plains tribes that Kyle once 61 00:05:16,12 --> 00:05:21,16 or any Apaches who followed the great buffalo herd on the Great Plains. 62 00:05:22,43 --> 00:05:27,77 Later refuge were creeks Cherokees Chickasaw Choctaws and Seminole. 63 00:05:28,23 --> 00:05:30,13 Were driven from their homes to the. 64 00:05:31,65 --> 00:05:38,01 Oklahoma became the principal Indian Territory today it includes remnants are 65 00:05:38,01 --> 00:05:43,24 eighty eight tribes in its one hundred twenty thousand of Indian ancestry. 66 00:05:43,26 --> 00:05:48,57 Today nearly nine million of the Southwest eleven million people live in the 67 00:05:48,57 --> 00:05:53,63 fertile region of the eastern plains and Gulf Coast. 68 00:05:54,53 --> 00:05:59,30 Although there are still many large sheep and cattle ranches in Texas and Oklahoma. 69 00:05:59,32 --> 00:05:59,89 There is a. 70 00:06:00,00 --> 00:06:04,08 Area is closely related in agriculture to the southeastern United States. 71 00:06:04,59 --> 00:06:05,44 Texas 72 00:06:05,44 --> 00:06:11,62 and Oklahoma are raising about one third of the nation's cotton all of this Texas 73 00:06:11,62 --> 00:06:12,43 Red central 74 00:06:12,43 --> 00:06:19,22 and northern farm belt produce is three million bales of cotton in an average year. 75 00:06:19,24 --> 00:06:25,91 It is in cotton that Texas one million Negro population find much of their work. 76 00:06:27,57 --> 00:06:28,89 Along with Louisiana 77 00:06:28,89 --> 00:06:34,29 and Arkansas southeast Texas irrigated lands produce millions of bushels of rice 78 00:06:34,29 --> 00:06:40,58 yearly while in another irrigated district the Lower Rio Grande Valley is one of 79 00:06:40,58 --> 00:06:45,72 the nation's richest Year-Round truck gardening areas as well as vast level great 80 00:06:45,72 --> 00:06:48,87 fruit orchards. 81 00:06:49,70 --> 00:06:54,36 The northwestern part of the region is in the winter wheat belt Oklahoma stands 82 00:06:54,36 --> 00:07:00,20 high among the state's introduction of winter wheat corn farmers reap fine harvest 83 00:07:00,20 --> 00:07:01,80 in large valley areas nearby. 84 00:07:02,34 --> 00:07:06,65 And Oklahoma's Cotton Belt produces nearly half a million bales per year 85 00:07:09,58 --> 00:07:15,05 in eastern Oklahoma coal fields bitumen is coal miners eight in mineral production 86 00:07:15,05 --> 00:07:20,52 to help us stablish it as for among the states in total annual value of all mineral. 87 00:07:23,73 --> 00:07:24,93 Huge piles of chat. 88 00:07:25,20 --> 00:07:30,18 Mark the location of zinc production of northeastern Oklahoma production which 89 00:07:30,18 --> 00:07:32,56 gives it high rank among states in this metal 90 00:07:32,56 --> 00:07:40,01 and six then production of land usually found where there are near zinc deposits. 91 00:07:41,19 --> 00:07:43,62 But about diversity in value of other minerals 92 00:07:43,62 --> 00:07:50,14 and farm crops the southwestern region stands to premium petroleum production the 93 00:07:50,15 --> 00:07:55,33 huge oil fields of the Southwest are part of a vast Basin extending into Louisiana 94 00:07:55,33 --> 00:07:59,51 on the east into Kansas on the north and New Mexico. 95 00:08:00,00 --> 00:08:02,73 Around the West. 96 00:08:02,74 --> 00:08:08,72 In a recent year taxes alone produced almost one fourth of the total world supply 97 00:08:08,72 --> 00:08:13,47 of petroleum for years 98 00:08:13,47 --> 00:08:20,06 or else much of it on Indian lands has been the backbone of Oklahoma as well today. 99 00:08:20,28 --> 00:08:26,01 Modern oil derrick forests have encroached upon the very capital in Oklahoma City. 100 00:08:27,16 --> 00:08:30,61 Much of the Mid-Continent petroleum is piped to the Texas Gulf coast 101 00:08:31,40 --> 00:08:36,80 and near Port Arthur which most of the largest petroleum refining center in the 102 00:08:36,80 --> 00:08:43,79 world from such Texas Gov org 103 00:08:43,79 --> 00:08:49,81 says Beaumont Port Arthur Houston Texas city Galveston 104 00:08:49,82 --> 00:08:54,30 and Corpus Christi go a variety of products to the eastern seaboard. 105 00:08:54,83 --> 00:08:58,42 To Europe to South America. 106 00:08:58,43 --> 00:09:03,74 That's the Southwest suppliers raw materials petroleum cotton. 107 00:09:04,10 --> 00:09:10,18 Copper grain fruits vegetables cattle and sheep. 108 00:09:10,20 --> 00:09:14,81 It receives manufactured goods clothing tools. 109 00:09:15,03 --> 00:09:19,11 A host of smaller products from the Northeast autos 110 00:09:19,11 --> 00:09:25,91 and farm machinery from the Middle State Farm products from the northwest tobacco 111 00:09:25,92 --> 00:09:31,18 and tech stills from the sour these lumber seafood fruits 112 00:09:31,19 --> 00:09:34,65 and motion pictures from the Far West. 113 00:09:34,67 --> 00:09:39,93 There are tens eddies in the southwest of over one hundred thousand population they 114 00:09:39,93 --> 00:09:43,34 and their smaller sister cities are mostly trade 115 00:09:43,34 --> 00:09:45,23 and jobbing centers in a region 116 00:09:45,23 --> 00:09:48,72 that has had the greatest population increase ratio in recent years. 117 00:09:51,91 --> 00:09:53,98 Cities of the Southwest are typically new 118 00:09:53,98 --> 00:09:59,73 and clean fuel blogs lay by natural gas cities largely without. 119 00:10:00,00 --> 00:10:01,14 Smoke. 120 00:10:01,16 --> 00:10:07,29 And so are bigger as modern culture replaces that of a bygone age in the southwest. 121 00:10:07,31 --> 00:10:12,39 But ways of strong may have grown. Become vast irrigated citrus farm. 122 00:10:14,54 --> 00:10:19,23 Across the sunlit plateau to the west echoing back from canyon walls 123 00:10:19,23 --> 00:10:24,20 but the long have shielded and then passed comes the surge of modern life. 124 00:10:24,22 --> 00:10:28,08 The far flung activities of modern agriculture. 125 00:10:28,10 --> 00:10:31,26 The exploitation of resources by modern industry. 126 00:10:31,96 --> 00:10:35,52 The rising crescendo of the conquest of a continent.