English subtitles for clip: File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-HIV-AIDS.webm

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Human immunodeficiency virus infection (or HIV),
and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (or AIDS),

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is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection
with the human immunodeficiency virus.[1][2][3]

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Following the initial infection,
a person may not notice any symptoms,

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or may experience a brief period
of flu-like illness.[4] 

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This is followed by
a prolonged period with no symptoms.[5]

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As the infection progresses,
it interferes more with the immune system, 

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increasing the risk of developing
common infections such as tuberculosis,

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as well as other opportunistic infections,

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and tumors that rarely affect people
who have uncompromised immune systems.[4]

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These late symptoms of infection, are referred to
as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (or AIDS).[5]

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This stage is also associated
with unintended weight loss.[5]

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HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex
(including anal, and oral sex), 

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contaminated blood transfusions,
and hypodermic needles.

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It can also be spread from mother
to child during pregnancy, 

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delivery, or breastfeeding.[6] 

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Some bodily fluids, such as saliva
and tears, do not transmit HIV.[7]

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Methods of prevention include safe sex,
needle exchange programs, 

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treating those who are infected, 
pre, and post exposure prophylaxis,

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and male circumcision.[4]

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The spread of HIV from mother
to child, during childbirth, 

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can be prevented by giving both of them
antiretroviral medication.[4]

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There is no cure or vaccine;

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however, antiretroviral treatment
can slow the course of the disease, 

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and may lead to  a near-normal life expectancy.[5][8]

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Treatment is recommended
as soon as the diagnosis is made.[9]

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Without treatment, the average survival
time after infection is 11 years.[10]

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In 2016, about 36.7 million people
were living with HIV, 

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and it resulted in 1 million deaths.[11] 

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There were 300,000 fewer new HIV cases
in 2016 than in 2015.[12] 

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Most of those infected,
live in sub-Saharan Africa.[4]

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From the time AIDS was identified
in the early 1980s, to 2017,

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the disease has caused an estimated
35 million deaths worldwide.[13]

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HIV AIDS is considered a pandemic, 

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because it is a disease outbreak
which is present over a large area, 

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and is actively spreading.[14]

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HIV originated in west-central Africa
during the late 19th, 

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or early 20th century
during colonialism.[15]

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AIDS was first recognized by the United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981, 

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and the HIV virus was identified
as its cause shortly after.[16]

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HIV-AIDS has had a large impact on society, 

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both as an illness and as a source of discrimination.[17]

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The disease also has large economic impacts.[17]

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There are many misconceptions about HIV-AIDS, 

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such as the belief that it can be
transmitted by casual, non-sexual contact.[18]

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The disease has become subject
to many controversies involving religion, 

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including the Catholic Church's position
not to support condom use as prevention.[19]

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Despite this, HIV-AIDS has attracted
international medical and political attention, 

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as well as large-scale funding
since it was identified in the 1980s.[20]