English subtitles for clip: File:1956-11-01 War in Egypt.ogv

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The Suez Canal, storm center of controversy for weeks, now becomes a cause

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of war in a lightning sequence of diplomatic and military moves.

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Since its seizure and nationalization by President Nasser of Egypt,

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the vital waterway has precipitated a new crisis in the already tense Middle East.

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Crack French units are embarked at Marseilles, bound for a joint

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staging area with Great Britain on Cyprus, less than an hour's flight

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from Egyptian ports, where they are prepared for seizure of the Canal by force.

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Simultaneously, Britain reinforces its garrison on the island for the same eventuality.

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A naval concentration in the Eastern Mediterranean strengthens the military buildup,

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even as Israel in a lightning attack thrusts deep into Egypt

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to the vicinity of the Canal.

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France and Britain issue a 12-hour ultimatum that all fighting must cease.

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Within hours of its expiration, Britain's warplanes are winging their way

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to Egypt and its bombers attack five key cities including Cairo.

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Following a Security Council veto by Britain and France of a United States

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motion for a ceasefire, President Eisenhower, after consultation with

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Secretary of State Dulles, makes a firm declaration of United States policy:

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Eisenhower: The United States was not consulted in any way about

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any phase of these actions, nor were we informed of them in advance.

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In the circumstances I have described, there will be no United States

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involvement in these present hostilities. I therefore have no plan

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to call the Congress in special session. Of course, we shall continue

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to keep in contact with Congressional leaders of both parties.

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It is our hope and intent that this matter will be brought before the

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United Nations General Assembly. There, with no veto operating,

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the opinion of the world can be brought to bear in our quest for

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a just end to this tormenting problem.

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In the past, the United Nations has proved able to find a way to end bloodshed.

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We believe it can and that it will do so again.

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Announcer: The whole question is brought before an emergency session

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of the General Assembly where it faces the bar of world opinion.

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At the end of a six-day fight that astonished the world and shook the Kremlin

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to its foundations, Hungary was free. Free to fraternize on its own borders

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and rush in supplies to the stricken city of Budapest along roads littered

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with burnt-out Red tanks, disabled by almost unarmed men fired by passion

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for liberty. Flaring swiftly from student demonstrations into open revolution,

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the pent-up hatreds of oppression sent Russian might reeling

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and forced withdrawal of the Red yoke.

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But even as these scenes were recorded, rumors flared of the reentry of

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Russian forces and new fighting. A beautiful city of Budapest, scarred by

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conflict again, faces a Russian onslaught even before the debris

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of the fight for freedom is cleared from the streets.

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In startling developments, Hungary broke with the satellite Warsaw Pact

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military alliance, announced neutrality and pleaded for priority

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on the United Nations' agenda.

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Then word came that Russian forces were amassing and all communication

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with the West was cut off.

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Hungary's newfound freedom is menaced before the martyrs of revolution

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go to their rest.

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The streets of Rome are thronged with demonstrators cheering Hungary's

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fight against Red domination. Students began the demonstration in

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the early morning, 500 of them. By midday, over 10,000 had joined

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the anti-Communist protest. In nearly every major Italian city, similar

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demonstrations were staged. But in Rome, things got a little our of hand:

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When the crowd marched on Communist Party headquarters, police moved in

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to keep order. In a matter of minutes, the political demonstration

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dissolved into a non-political riot. It started with scuffles that quickly

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turned into a slugfest.

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Through the heart of the city, the battle between students and police raged—

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no new thing in Italy, but perhaps by its very intensity,

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a measure of Rome's anti-Communist fervor.