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Markha Valley trek, between Nakdi and Sara, Ladakh

Ladakh - The Geographical Enigma

Ladakh, which means the land of high passes, is situated amidst a series of very high Himalayan ranges and is located between 32°15' to 36° latitude and 75°15' to 80° longitude. On the North, it is bounded by the lofty Karakoram range, which separates it from the Chinese district of Kotan. To its West, lies the Indian territory of Kashmir and Pakistan occupied Baltistan. On to the East and South East are the Chinese districts of Rudok and Chumurti, while to its South, lie The Great Himalayan Ranges which separates it from Lahaul and Spiti Valley of Himachel Pradesh. The Southern mountain ranges prevent rain-bearing monsoon clouds from crossing into Ladakh, making it a rain shadow zone. Thus, the luxuriant greenery of the Kullu Valley ends abruptly after crossing the Rohtang Pass and similarly, the lush green valley of Kashmir gives way to a barren landscape after crossing Zoji La Pass.

Ladakh is characterized by lofty mountain ranges and valleys with an elevation between 9,000 to 25,000 feet. The scarcity of rain and extreme altitude makes it a difficult territory for human existence. Its snow-covered ranges, rocky edges, barren terrain and sandy plains coupled with lack of vegetation give it a unique, out of the world look, making it a popular tourist destination. With an average density of approximately three persons per square km, Ladakh is one of the most thinly populated regions of India. It is further divided into two administrative districts: Leh and Kargil.

Geography of Ladakh. (2018). [museum display board]. Leh, Ladakh, India: Hall of Fame.