File:Pattern Tile Drainage (16718838799).jpg
![File:Pattern Tile Drainage (16718838799).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Pattern_Tile_Drainage_%2816718838799%29.jpg/800px-Pattern_Tile_Drainage_%2816718838799%29.jpg?20160302221105)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionPattern Tile Drainage (16718838799).jpg |
Drain tiling is the placement of polyethylene (a type of plastic) tubing below the surface of the ground for the purpose of draining excess water from the surface or subsurface of an agricultural field (in this instance). For the agricultural producer, some of the intended benefits are: more area to crop (less water-covered), earlier into the field to plant (dries out quicker), don't have to drive around potholes when running equipment (more economical, saves fuel and overlap), better yields with less crops "drowning out", and tiling can be a tool to minimize crop losses due to increased salinity (high amount of "salts" in the soils due to other farming practices and high water tables). These benefits are not always guaranteed. What about the unintended consequences that are (in many times) passed on to neighbors, other parts of the country, or won't take place until the future? Some of these effects are: Loss of some nutrient and chemical filtration (these waters trickle through only a little soil before they are in the pipe and drained into a large lake or river), loss of wildlife habitat, loss of groundwater recharge for aquifers and those that get their water from wells, and potential contribution to increased flooding and pollution of neighbor's lands and/or rivers during spring flood season or after large rain events. Normally, these waters would slowly seep down into the ground to recharge aquifers or would evaporate into the air. When drained, these waters reach streams or rivers in a matter of hours or days, increasing the flow of the river. Because these waters also have less filtration through the soil, they are direct routes for extra soil nutrients such as nitrates to get into rivers and lakes that serve as water supplies for towns and cities downstream. "The traditional way to get rich is to transfer your costs to someone else." --whether to your neighbor, the taxpayer, or the generations that follow your own. -from the article "Plowed Under" Photo Credit: Krista Lundgren/USFWS |
Date | |
Source | Pattern Tile Drainage |
Author | USFWS Mountain-Prairie |
Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by USFWS Mountain Prairie at https://flickr.com/photos/51986662@N05/16718838799. It was reviewed on 2 March 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
2 March 2016
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
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This image or recording is the work of a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employee, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain. For more information, see the Fish and Wildlife Service copyright policy.
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 22:11, 2 March 2016 | ![]() | 5,184 × 3,456 (5.73 MB) | Holly Cheng (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS REBEL T3i |
Author | Krista Lundgren |
Exposure time | 1/250 sec (0.004) |
F-number | f/6.3 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:46, 20 March 2015 |
Lens focal length | 55 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
File change date and time | 10:46, 20 March 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:46, 20 March 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX shutter speed | 8 |
APEX aperture | 5.375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 53 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 53 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 53 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,728.1767955801 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,808.4033613445 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |