File:Outlines of comparative physiology touching the structure and development of the races of animals, living and extinct - for the use of schools and colleges (1870) (14780342544).jpg

Identifier: outlinesofcompar00agas (find matches)
Title: Outlines of comparative physiology touching the structure and development of the races of animals, living and extinct : for the use of schools and colleges
Year: 1870 (1870s)
Authors: Agassiz, Louis, 1807-1873 Gould, Augustus A. (Augustus Addison), 1805-1866 Wright, Thomas, 1809-1884
Subjects: Physiology, Comparative Zoology
Publisher: London : Bell & Daldy
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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specially of thevertebrate animals; so that, between the pieces composing thehead, the trunk, and the tail, we have only differences in the de-gree of development of the body of the vertebra, or of itsbranches, and not in reality different plans of organization. § 227. The muscles which move this solid framework of thevertebrata are disposed around the vertebrae, as is well exem-plified among fishes, where there is a band of muscles for eachvertebra (fig. 76). In proportion as limbs are developed, thisintimate relation between the muscles and the vertebrae dimi-nishes. The muscles are unequally distributed, and are con-centrated about the limbs, where the greatest amount ofmuscular force is required. For this reason the largestmasses of flesh, in the higher vertebrata, are found about theshoulders and hips (fig. 77); while in fishes they are concen-trated about the base of the tail, the part on which they princi-pally depend for motion. MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF FISHES. 107 a \ ff////f////M
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(Fig. 76 represents the Ahtscles of the Peroh.—a, inferior half of thegreat lateral muscular mass; a, the superior half; b and c, points wherethese masses divide for the passage of the rays of the pectoral and ventralfins; de, the middle inferior longitudinal muscles;/, the middle superior; g,muscles for moving the ventral fin; h, the muscles special to the pectoralfin ; h h, the particular muscles of the dorsal fin; i, the muscles of theanal fin; k, the muscles of the caudal tail fin; / I, the muscles com-mon to the jaws; m, the muscles of the operculum and the first inter-costal of the cranium ; /3, attachment of the latero-superior muscles ofthe occiput; i//, the lateral line between the muscular masses; the greatlateral nerve has been removed, and the superior muscular mass pushedupwards.—Cuvier, Histoire des Poissons. (Fig. 77.—Muscular system of Birds.—The muscles of the Falconisus : 1, the great complexus ; 1 a, its tendon ; 1 b, its superior head ;1 c, its inferior hea

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