File:India, Mathura, Kushan Period - Head of Jina - 1962.47 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif
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Original file (4,311 × 5,302 pixels, file size: 65.41 MB, MIME type: image/tiff)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]Head of Jina
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Title |
Head of Jina |
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Object type |
sculpture object_type QS:P31,Q860861 |
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Description |
This head provides an interesting study of the Kusana facial type that evolved after the disappearance of the earliest kapardin image, which was prevalent in the late first and during the beginning of the second century AD. The head of the kapardin image was distinguished by the plain, untextured hair marked only by the hairline and the spiral bun (kaparda) at the top of the head, which vaguely reminds one of an usnisa. The development that followed consisted of semicircular lines arranged in rows to create an impression of wavy hair. According to Lohuizen-de Leeuw the fist dated image in which this occurred is the Anyor Buddha inscribed in the 51st year of the (Kaniska) era (AD 129). The convention seems to have been inspired by the Gandhara style that began penetrating the Mathura school during that period. It continued in use over the next 50 years (until c. AD 1810)---when the Gandhara influence in Mathura remained strong---and in some instances even longer, as can be verified by the Jina images dated to the 18th and 22nd years of the second Kaniska era (AD 195 and 199). This mode of depicting hair, alone, could be used for a more precise dating of the head, if one subscribes to another claim made by Lohuizen that the horizontal hairline indicates the earlier period of Gandhara influence, while the one with sideburns, as seen here, is characteristic of the later phase, toward the end of the first century of the Kaniska era (c. 180 AD). The oval-shaped face has roundish, bulging eyes with double-outlined eyelids under the almost continuous rigid eyebrows. In the center of the forehead is a small round urna. The straight nose is not very prominent, and the full sensuously cut lips are rather small. |
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Date | 3rd quarter of 2nd century | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium | Red mottled sandstone | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dimensions | Overall: 21.6 x 18.3 cm (8 1/2 x 7 3/16 in.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Collection |
institution QS:P195,Q657415 |
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Current location |
Indian and Southeast Asian Art |
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Accession number |
1962.47 |
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Place of creation | India, Mathura, Kushan Period (1st century-320) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit line | Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Source/Photographer | https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.47 |
Licensing
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This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. |
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse |
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This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project with the Cleveland Museum of Art. See the Open Access at the Cleveland Museum of Art.
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 18:01, 13 March 2019 | ![]() | 4,311 × 5,302 (65.41 MB) | Madreiling (talk | contribs) | pattypan 18.02 |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | Sinar Photography AG |
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Camera model | Sinar CMV/ Sinarback eXact |
Author | Howard Agriesti |
Exposure time | 39/2,500 sec (0.0156) |
ISO speed rating | 50 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:52, 28 May 2014 |
Width | 4,311 px |
Height | 5,302 px |
Bits per component |
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Compression scheme | Uncompressed |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Image data location | 21,334 |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Number of rows per strip | 5,302 |
Bytes per compressed strip | 68,570,766 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Data arrangement | chunky format |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC (Windows) |
File change date and time | 09:32, 2 June 2014 |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:52, 28 May 2014 |
APEX shutter speed | 6 |
Metering mode | Unknown |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
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