File:Associative-Mechanisms-Allow-for-Social-Learning-and-Cultural-Transmission-of-String-Pulling-in-an-pbio.1002564.s008.ogv
Associative-Mechanisms-Allow-for-Social-Learning-and-Cultural-Transmission-of-String-Pulling-in-an-pbio.1002564.s008.ogv (Ogg multiplexed audio/video file, Theora/Vorbis, length 4 min 33 s, 400 × 320 pixels, 40 kbps overall, file size: 1.31 MB)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionAssociative-Mechanisms-Allow-for-Social-Learning-and-Cultural-Transmission-of-String-Pulling-in-an-pbio.1002564.s008.ogv |
English: Successful string pulling by an untrained bumblebee, or “innovator.” Footage shows one of the two untrained bumblebee workers that ever managed to solve the string task without stepwise training or observation of skilled demonstrators. This bee was exceptionally explorative and tried a wide variety of methods. She initially lands on top of the table several times and tries to obtain the reward. After 2 min and 30 s, the bee lands at the edge of the table above the left side flower and tries to obtain the reward in the inverted position. For a few times, the bee walks off the table, tries to push her way underneath, extends her proboscis toward one of the flowers, and walks back on top of the table. After 3 min, whilst trying to push her way under the table towards the left flower, the bee accidentally grasps the string with her left middle leg and, moving her leg back and forth, pulls the string. The flower moves closer and the bee extends her proboscis between the flower and the table, but the reward is still out of reach. The bee keeps pulling the string with her left middle leg, moving the flower closer, but simultaneously pushes the flower back under the table with her extended proboscis. Then, she repositions herself on the other side of the string, grasps, and pulls the string by moving her right middle leg back and forth. As a result, the flower moves to the edge of the table. Using the same movement of the same right leg, the bee grasps the blue disk and extracts the whole flower from underneath the table. Finally, she steps onto the flower and walks to the center to obtain the sucrose. |
||
Date | |||
Source | S6 Video from Alem S, Perry C, Zhu X, Loukola O, Ingraham T, Søvik E, Chittka L (2016). "Associative Mechanisms Allow for Social Learning and Cultural Transmission of String Pulling in an Insect". PLOS Biology. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002564. PMID 27701411. PMC: 5049772. | ||
Author | Alem S, Perry C, Zhu X, Loukola O, Ingraham T, Søvik E, Chittka L | ||
Permission (Reusing this file) |
![]() ![]() This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
|
||
Provenance InfoField |
|
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 06:29, 29 October 2016 | 4 min 33 s, 400 × 320 (1.31 MB) | Open Access Media Importer Bot (talk | contribs) | Automatically uploaded media file from Open Access source. Please report problems or suggestions here. |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Transcode status
Update transcode statusMetadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Short title |
|
---|---|
Author |
|
Usage terms | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Image title | Footage shows one of the two untrained bumblebee workers that ever managed to solve the string task without stepwise training or observation of skilled demonstrators. This bee was exceptionally explorative and tried a wide variety of methods. She initially lands on top of the table several times and tries to obtain the reward. After 2 min and 30 s, the bee lands at the edge of the table above the left side flower and tries to obtain the reward in the inverted position. For a few times, the bee walks off the table, tries to push her way underneath, extends her proboscis toward one of the flowers, and walks back on top of the table. After 3 min, whilst trying to push her way under the table towards the left flower, the bee accidentally grasps the string with her left middle leg and, moving her leg back and forth, pulls the string. The flower moves closer and the bee extends her proboscis between the flower and the table, but the reward is still out of reach. The bee keeps pulling the string with her left middle leg, moving the flower closer, but simultaneously pushes the flower back under the table with her extended proboscis. Then, she repositions herself on the other side of the string, grasps, and pulls the string by moving her right middle leg back and forth. As a result, the flower moves to the edge of the table. Using the same movement of the same right leg, the bee grasps the blue disk and extracts the whole flower from underneath the table. Finally, she steps onto the flower and walks to the center to obtain the sucrose. |
Software used | |
Date and time of digitizing | 2016-10-04 |