File:An-Excitatory-Loop-with-Astrocytes-Contributes-to-Drive-Neurons-to-Seizure-Threshold-pbio.1000352.s011.ogv
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An-Excitatory-Loop-with-Astrocytes-Contributes-to-Drive-Neurons-to-Seizure-Threshold-pbio.1000352.s011.ogv (Ogg Theora video file, length 26 s, 222 × 219 pixels, 379 kbps, file size: 1.17 MB)
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[edit]DescriptionAn-Excitatory-Loop-with-Astrocytes-Contributes-to-Drive-Neurons-to-Seizure-Threshold-pbio.1000352.s011.ogv |
English: Two successive NMDA applications trigger an ictal discharge. This video shows an ictal event generated by an NMDA stimulation composed of two successive puffs (as reported in Figure 4). The orange circle in field A marks the timing of the NMDA puffs and the position of the NMDA pipette, whereas the yellow circle in field B marks the engagement of neurons from this region into the ictal discharge. The orange arrowheads indicate astrocytes in field A at the onset of their Ca2+ increase. Note that Ca2+ elevations in these astrocytes accompany the development of the ictal discharge. Yellow arrowheads indicate astrocytes in field B (at the onset of their Ca2+ increase) that are activated after the emergence of the ictal discharge in field B. Time frame, 356 ms. |
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Source | Video S4 from Gómez-Gonzalo M, Losi G, Chiavegato A, Zonta M, Cammarota M, Brondi M, Vetri F, Uva L, Pozzan T, de Curtis M, Ratto G, Carmignoto G (2010). "An Excitatory Loop with Astrocytes Contributes to Drive Neurons to Seizure Threshold". PLOS Biology. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000352. PMID 20405049. PMC: 2854117. | ||
Author | Gómez-Gonzalo M, Losi G, Chiavegato A, Zonta M, Cammarota M, Brondi M, Vetri F, Uva L, Pozzan T, de Curtis M, Ratto G, Carmignoto G | ||
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 16:26, 16 November 2012 | 26 s, 222 × 219 (1.17 MB) | Open Access Media Importer Bot (talk | contribs) | Automatically uploaded media file from Open Access source. Please report problems or suggestions here. |
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Usage terms | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Image title | Two successive NMDA applications trigger an ictal discharge. This video shows an ictal event generated by an NMDA stimulation composed of two successive puffs (as reported in Figure 4). The orange circle in field A marks the timing of the NMDA puffs and the position of the NMDA pipette, whereas the yellow circle in field B marks the engagement of neurons from this region into the ictal discharge. The orange arrowheads indicate astrocytes in field A at the onset of their Ca2+ increase. Note that Ca2+ elevations in these astrocytes accompany the development of the ictal discharge. Yellow arrowheads indicate astrocytes in field B (at the onset of their Ca2+ increase) that are activated after the emergence of the ictal discharge in field B. Time frame, 356 ms. |
Software used | Xiph.Org libtheora 1.1 20090822 (Thusnelda) |
Date and time of digitizing | 2010-04 |