Автомобильная промышленность СССР

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The automotive industry in the Soviet Union spanned the history of the state from 1929 to 1991. It started with the establishment of large car manufacturing plants and reorganisation of the AMO Factory in Moscow in the late 1920s–early 1930s, during the first five-year plan, and continued until the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991. Before its disintegration, the Soviet Union produced 2.1-2.3 million units per year of all types, and was the sixth (previously fifth) largest automotive producer, ranking ninth place in cars, third in trucks, and first in buses.

Armenian SSR

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Azerbaijan SSR

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  • BakAZ (1978–1993) produced PAZ-based small buses
  • KiAZ (1986–present)

Byelorussian SSR

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  • w:en:BelAZ (1948–present) manufactured super-heavy trucks
  • MAZ (1944–present) manufactured heavy trucks
  • w:en:MoAZ (1948–present)
  • w:en:MZKT (1954–present) in Soviet times, was a division of MAZ, a manufacturer of heavy and super-heavy trucks
  • Neman (1984–present) from 1990 started limited production of w:en:LiAZ-based buses

Estonian SSR

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Georgian SSR

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  • KAZ (1945–present, truck production ceased in the 1990s) produced backbone tractors with a comfortable cabin, but low quality and dynamic characteristics and had gained in the Soviet Union a bad reputation. Were gradually replaced by tractors MAZ and, later, KaMAZ

Kirghiz SSR

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Latvian SSR

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  • RAF (1949–1998) produced vans and ambulances on their base

Lithuanian SSR

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  • VFTS produced rally cars on Lada chassis

Russian SFSR

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  • w:en:AZLK (w:en:Moskvitch, 1929-2001), originally part of w:en:GAZ, built durable and easily repairable cars of similar class as VAZ and of its own design (since 1956), but in a significantly smaller numbers (up to 200,000). All of its cars produced between 1946 and 2001 were known under the name Moskvitch.
  • BAZ (1958–present) manufactured military superheavy trucks.
  • w:en:GAZ (Volga, 1932–present) produced light trucks, Volga business-class sedans, which were also used as taxi cabs, and luxury automobiles such as the Chaika for Soviet officials (up to 100,000 cars annually).
  • IzhAvto (1967–present, the assembly plant AvtoVAZ since 2012), another manufacturer of Moskvitch small family cars and pickups often used by delivery services (produced up to 200,000 annually).
  • w:en:KAvZ (1958–present) produced conventional small buses on the basis of w:en:GAZ trucks, used as company vehicles and for passenger transport in the countryside on roads of poor quality.
  • KZKT (1950–2011) manufactured superheavy trucks on MAZ chassis
  • LiAZ (1937–present) (not to be confused with the Czechoslovak brand trucks LIAZ) manufactured large city buses.
  • NefAZ (1972–present) produced KaMAZ vehicles. Since 2000, it also builds large city buses based on KaMAZ chassis.
  • PAZ (1932–present) manufactured small buses
  • w:en:Prombron (1922–1926), which had acquired control over the former Russo-Balt factory in Fili, produced a small number of modernised Russo-Balt S24 cars. Two of them took part in the All-Russian test run of 1923.
  • SMZ, later w:en:SeAZ (1939–present, car production stopped in 2008), built w:en:cyclecars for the disabled. SMZ cars were distributed in the USSR for free or purchased at a large discount through the Soviet Union's social w:en:welfare system.
  • w:en:UAZ (1941–present) produced light four-wheel-drive vehicles for either military or agricultural use.
  • w:en:ZiL (former ZiS and AMO, 1916–present) built middle trucks, luxury sedans and w:en:limousines used as official state cars.
  • ZMA (1987–present) produced Oka cars

Tajik SSR

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Ukrainian SSR

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  • Chasiv Yar Repair Plant (1958–present)
  • w:en:KrAZ (1958–present) (truck production of the w:en:Yaroslavl Motor Plant at Kremenchuk Harvester Plant) manufactured heavy trucks
  • OdAZ (1948–present)
  • LAZ (1945–present) produced suburban and intercity buses of middle class.
  • w:en:LuAZ (1955–present) produced compact four-wheel-drive vehicles (up to 17,000 annually)
  1. The Internationalization of the Automobile Industry and Its Effects on the U.S. Automobile Industry: Report on Investigation No. 332-188 Under Section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930.