File talk:Women in military world map.svg

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Working on the update...

Data sources[edit]

  • Main source for all following data is [CIA World Fact Book, April 2024] = WFb.
  • Second main source is the English Wikipedia = enWP
  • Additional sources are to be linked. All data needs to be sourced.
  • Classes for the legal service requirements:
    • men: voluntary / selective compulsory / compulsory
    • women: not allowed (+) / NO info / voluntary (including contracts) / selective compulsory / compulsory
    • (+): "not allowed" includes rare exceptions
  • The checkbox-columns stay neutral unless either ✓ Yes (confirmed) or {{not}} (=excluded by regulations). Some countries are allowing some things but not others, they get a  maybe/some/rare/in progress/de facto/etc..
    • operational integration: are women integrated into the forces (done), or are they institutionally kept separated/segregated, like in "women's batallions" (half done). Also: do women get treated equally in their military duties (if yes, "done", otherwise "half done" or even "not")
    • leader roles: women are allowed in high military ranks and have filled them
    • UN-res 1325 NAP: whether or not a country has submitted a National Action Plan on Resolution 1325 („Women, Peace and Security“, WPS) to the United Nations. All plans are available under [https://1325naps.peacewomen.org/index.php/nap-overview/ "1325naps.peacewomen.org", and some provide insight into a country's gender integration plans as well. (Some others are pretty words on paper PDF slides.)
    • depl. int.: women are deployed on international missions - from hostile invasions to UN-mandated peacekeeping missions. The former can only offer (yes/no) based on incidental reports; the latter offer comparable statistical data (see source above). As the UN reports appear near-monthly and include police forces, the data has to be hand-picked. Due to time constraints, not every month is going to be analyzed for the following table. To avoid year-cycle bias, every 7th month will be checked (or the next adjacent month with numbers available) and the sum of deployed "troops" and "staff officers" for each country taken (no police, experts and civil observers). The reports to be checked are: 2023-12 (not published yet)-->2024-01; 2023-05, 2022-10, 2022-03, 2021-08, 2021-01, 2020-06, 2019-11, 2019-04, 2018-09, 2018-02, 2017-07, 2016-12. All ratios get dated and collated with similar numbers of adjacent periods for brevity. For the evaluation of "half done", any resulting number of deployed women is sufficient (meaning that "this country has sent female soldiers on missions); for "done" (i.e. "this country can organize/afford international deployment of larger numbers of female soldiers") there must be evidence of at least a deployed percentage of ~10% female troops with a country that has at least 100 deployed troops(+officers) total. Note: 10% is a randomly chosen threshold just for this table. The UN desire 15% female rates for PK missions. Oh: More than 10 deployed women with less than 100 deployed troops total are also "done" (a much rarer case). That means: 7/70 --> half done. 11/70 --> done. 16/140 --> done. 16/170 --> half done.
    • handle heavy weapons/equipment: women are tasked with jobs handling heavy equipment like artillery/armor (tanks)/jet fighters/naval vessels. Mere vehicle driving ("taxi") does not count here; technical maintenance does count. Idea to introduce this distinction (from combat, see below) comes from the Washington Post, 2013. Many old "traditional" militaries did not allow this, employing female soldiers as office/communication/analysis personnel, or as officers not to be bothered with manual/"manly" labor, or as cooks/service personnel or as medical staff, or as security guards to bodysearch women. (This paradigm was actually present in almost all militaries in the world during the Cold War).
    • front line combat: women are allowed in front-line combat (often in short: "combat roles"): This basically means women getting deployed for ground combat roles in infantry, assault, marines, etc.; where they are likely to get hurt: many militaries make (or made historically) another difference here, barring women from taking this role.
  • Important note: for smaller countries, sources are harder to find and evaluate. Also, smaller countries will have fewer high rank officers, and deploy less people in general. Small countries (extreme cases: Malta and Bermuda) may also have no specific distinctions/positions for "combat roles".
  • to-be-supercorrect-note: When referring to "both genders" below, this implies "women and men equally" as per the traditional understanding. A country's policy may include or exclude transgender persons from serving in the military, and this is not going to play into the map, especially given how low these numbers are compared to the (often low enough) rates of women.

The big table[edit]

Country service legal reqs women / total [%] (year) operational integration leader roles UN-res 1325 NAP depl. int. handle heavy weapons front line combat sources and remarks
Afghanistan voluntary, women not allowed[1] - Not No Not No previously #1 (2015-2022) / Not No Not No Not No Not No WFb: except serving in detention facilities and assisting with body searches. (That means, women may volunteer for these "military" jobs) / there had been a NAP for UN-res 1325, Afghanistan.
Albania voluntary for both genders[1] ~15%[1](2023) (18% in 2020[2]) ✓ Yes [3][4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2018-2020)[5]  1-3/2-3 (2019-24) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] Women comprised about 15% of the military's full-time personnel, including 20% of the officers. (2023)[1] /
Algeria men compulsory; women voluntary[1] -  some [6] ✓ Yes [6] [7]Not No  Neutral [8] [6]Not No [6]Not No Women make up 17% of the health department (highest concentration)[9] / high enrolment rates for new cadets[10]; no data on actual rates --> inconveniently low retention? /
Angola men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~3%[11](2018)  some  on paper [12] ✓ #1 (2017-2020)[13] - - - Internet research: militias employed underaged girls in combat roles /
Antigua and Barbuda voluntary for both genders[1] ~15% (2003!)[14] ✓ Yes [14]  some [14] Not No - - - Internet research: more recent data gives a total personnel of 240 or 245 soldiers (enWP) or 250 soldiers (WFb); without gender and rank breakdowns.
Argentina voluntary for both genders[1] ~20%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [15] ✓ Yes [16] ✓ #1 (2015-2018) [15] ✓ 36/341 (2024) ✓ 26-44/251-255 (2021-2023)  appa­rent­ly? ✓ Yes enWP: woman pilote fighters; combat units want volunteers of both genders /
Armenia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~10%[1](2020) ✓ Yes [17]  may­be [18] ✓ #1 (2019-2021) [19]  2-3/31-34 (2019-24)  some?  some WFb: first all-women combat unit in 2020 (enWP elaborates: this looks like women are allowed in combat roles) / the "new" voluntary model of 2023 comes after a previous contractor model. /
Australia voluntary for both genders[1] ~20%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2021-2031) [20]  2-8/13-17 (2021-24) ✓ 10/21 (2020)  5-8/19-23 (2018-2019) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: Women have served in all roles, including combat arms, since 2013 (enWP: since 2016) / 15.8% in 2016 with different quotas; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] /
Austria men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~4%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2012-) [21]  5-13/171-239 (2018-2024)  5/192 (2016) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 2.8% in 2016 with a quota: long-term goal 10%; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] /
Azerbaijan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~3%[1](2018) ✓ Yes [22]  some [23]  #0 (2020-2023) [24]  1/2 (2023/24)  may­be [25]  not really [25]
Bahamas voluntary for both genders[1] - ✓ Yes [26]  some [27] Not No - - -
Bahrain voluntary; no women[1] - Not No  some Not No -  some [28] Not No WFb: voluntary; preliminary internet research: Women excluded except for service jobs. / [29] (although there are propaganda pieces about princesses in combat jets)
Bangladesh voluntary for both genders[1] ~2% (2023)[30]  some ?[30] ✓ Yes[30] ✓ #1 (2019-2022)[31]  312-399/5426-6708 (2022-24)  87-146/5732-6032 (2019-2021)  some [32][31] Not No enWP: are largely restricted to non-combat roles, which includes (medical) officer roles / Bangladesh participates in MOWIP: current quota target of 17% of women in officer ranks and 6.5% of women in the soldier/NCO ranks (2022)[30]
Barbados voluntary for both genders[1] -  some  some Not No - - - so... some.
Belarus men compulsory; women voluntary[1] <6-8% (2007! article>)  some  some Not No  1-3/5-7 (2016-2022) - - WFb has no info on women; internet research reveals that there are women soldiers: who even get women's uniforms (2023). As of 2007: 245 women officers, including 56 senior officers: 42 Majors and 14 Lt. Colonels. Totally, there are over 3500 women serving (out of 45k-50k ?) /
Belgium voluntary for both genders[1] <11%[1](2023) ~9%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2017-2021) [34]  3/54 (2021-2022)  5-7/39-40 (2019-2020) ✓ 11/93 (2019) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 7.8% in 2016 with no quota[4] / 8% in 2019 /
Belize voluntary for both genders[1] <10% (2021[35]) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes [36] Not No Not No ✓ Done [37]  ? WFb (no info on women) / enWP: Second Batallion is mixed-gender. / Military contest for women /
Benin selective compulsory for both genders[1][38][39] - ✓ Yes ✓ Yes Not No  4/14 (2024) ~✓ 24-30/264-274 (2022-2023)  14-26/269-272 (2019-2021) -  appa­rent­ly? Note that internet research on the current situation is difficult because there are Fearless Dahomey Amazons (the 16th-19th c. kind) everywhere. / still, Benin sent an elite troop to parade in France, 2010 / ...a retired female major...
Bermuda voluntary for both genders[1] - ✓ Yes?  some Not No - - - equal opportunities include officerships
Bhutan voluntary for both genders[1] -  some  some [40][41] Not No  18/191 (2024) -  maybe ? WFb: militia service compulsory for men; Women were restricted to non-combat roles until 2021; combat roles are still exceptional. / publicity press release / training is provided in India? /
Bolivia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~8%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [42] ✓ Yes [43] Not No  1/6-8 (2022-24) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes WFb: high ranks (generalship) and piloting fighters are accessible / /
Bosnia and Herzegovina voluntary for both genders[1] ~7%[1](2022)[44] ✓ Yes [44] ✓ Yes? [45][44][46] ✓ #3 (2018-2022)[46]  1/2 (2019-2020)  ?  maybe ?[47]
Botswana voluntary for both genders[1] ~5%[11](2018) (1% in 2015 )  maybe ?[48]  some [48] Not No  1/3 (2022-24)  maybe ?[48]  maybe ?[48] Internet research: Botswana was the last country in its region to allow women joining the army. Women were allowed first in 2007/8 but first only in officer roles; enlisted roles added in 2014, no mentions of further success since /
Brazil selective compulsory for men; women voluntary[1] ~9%[1](2022) ✓ Yes  in pro­gress ✓ #1 (2017-2019) [49]  3-7/43-52 (2021-24)  3-6/231-267 (2018-2020)  some  some WFb: women have achieved high ranks. Internet research: WFb 2019 stated that there are some operational restrictions for women. 2021 was the first year women began combat training / 2020 report: 7.6% for 2016
Brunei voluntary for both genders[1] - Not No  rare [50] Not No  2/29-30 (2023-24)  rare [50] !Not No enWP: "able to take jobs in the armed forces of Brunei; however they are not allowed to serve while in combat situations" /
Bulgaria voluntary for both genders[1] ~17%[1](2021) ~17%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2020-2025)[51] - ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] (enWP agrees with rates of 12% in 2010; 20% in 2019) / 15.1% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions in operations or rank.[4]
Burkina Faso voluntary for both genders[1] -  some ? -  #1 (2012-2016)[52]  1/10 (2024)  20-28/669-674 (2022-2023) - Not No women may serve in supporting roles[53] / 2016 study gives percentage numbers of personnel among branches /
Myanmar men compulsory; women voluntary[1] 0.2% (2019 paper>) - - Not No Not No - - ongoing civil war / paper cited for 0.2%
Burundi voluntary for both genders[1] 0.46% (2012[54])  slow efforts [55] Not No ✓ #2 (2017-2022)[56]  71-72/757-763 (2022-24)  21-53/753-764 (2019-2021) - -
Cape Verde selective compulsory for both genders[1][38][39] - - - Not No Not No - - -
Cambodia selective compulsory for men; women voluntary[1] ~6%[1](2018) [57]  some  some[58] Not No ✓ 112/617 (2024) ✓ 143/869 (2023) ✓ 117/772 (2022) ✓ 86-99/751-758 (2021)  ?  ? Cambodia is about to particpate in ELSIE[59] / despite not having a recognized NAP, Cambodia is involved in promoting WPS in ASEAN[60]
Cameroon voluntary for both genders[1] ~10% (2015 paper>)  some ?  maybe ✓ #1 (2018-2020)  59/756 (2024) ✓ 81-88/756-760 (2021-23)  some ?  maybe paper from 2015 gives a rate and also states that no law bars women from combat or leadership, but special forces (BIR) have an exceptional low retention rate for women /
Canada voluntary for both genders[1] 16.5%[1](2023) +enWP ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2023-2029)  2-5/18-23 (2019-24) ✓ 21/155 (2019) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: all military occupations allowed (enWP agrees with additional details) / 15.1% in 2016 with no quota[4] /
Central African Republic voluntary for both genders[1] >7% (2019[61])  a few [62]  rare [62] ✓ #2 (2019-2022) - -  in the­ory ?[62] WFb: (compulsory possible in theory; had no info on women) / NOTE: ongoing civil war /
Chad compulsory for both genders[1] [39] - -  some[63] ✓ #1 (2023-2027)  30/1424 (2023)  48-53/1432-1437 (2022)  41-45/1451-1818 (2020-2021)  some[63] - WFb: men and women have different length and occupation, both are conscripted /
Chile voluntary for both genders[1] ~18%[1](2021) ✓ Yes [64] ✓ Yes [64] ✓ #2 (2015-2018)[65]  1/6 (2023-24)  15/408 (2016)  few limit­ations [66] ✓ Yes [64] WFb: in theory: selective compulsory service for men possible /
China selective compulsory for both genders[1] 4.5% (1990s![67])  yes but segre­gated  rare Not No  56/1823 (2024)  50-89/2186-2492 (2016-2023)  some [68][69]  maybe ?[70] most available sources are from the 1990s, and clearly state that women may not be in combat roles /
Colombia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~1%[1](2023) ✓ Yes  rare Not No ✓ 13/80 (2020)  limit­ations Not limit­ations WFb: women in administrative but more recently also officer roles / enWP: including fighter pilots / 2020: less than 4%; extremely low high ranks
Comoros voluntary for both genders[1] - - - Not No Not No - Not No [29]
DR Congo men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~13%[11](2018)[71] - - ✓ #2 (2019-2022) - - - preliminary internet research: militias reportedly include women and girls in combat roles / Internet research: proof of female soldiers /
R Congo voluntary for both genders[1] - - - ✓ #2 (2021-2023)  1-3/5-11 (2019-24) ✓ 11/68 (2017)  4/629 (2016) - - -
Costa Rica no military[1] 18.7% (2020[72]) - - Not No  Neutral  Neutral  Neutral WFb: No military; no data on gender in the public security forces. /
Ivory Coast voluntary for both genders[1] - ✓ Yes ?[73]  some or very rare ?[74] ✓ #2 (2019-2023)[75]  12/183 (2024)  26-33/669-871 (2021-23) -  maybe ?[73] WFb: compulsory service not enforced / 12% of police are women, while 1% of the FRCI (militia) - page 10[75] / Cote d'Ivoire is about to particpate in ELSIE[59]
Croatia voluntary for both genders[1] ~15%[1](2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2019-2023)  2/3 (2017)  2/28 (2016) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 11% in 2016 with no quota. No restrictions in operations/rank.[4] /
Cuba men compulsory; women voluntary[1]  ?  some [76]  ? Not No Not No ✓ Yes [76] ✓ Yes [76] -
Cyprus men compulsory; women voluntary[1]  ? [33] ✓ Yes [77]  rare [77][33] ✓ #1 (2021-2025)[78]  maybe  ?  ?
Czechia voluntary for both genders[1] <14%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2017-2020)[79]  1-4/4-9 (2018-24) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 12.6% in 2016[4]
Denmark men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~9%[1](2022) ~17%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #4 (2020-2024)  1/2 (2020)  4/61 (2019)  1/9-11 (2018, 2019)  2-4/50-79 (2016-2017) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: Conscription for women begins 2026! / 6.4% in 2016; no restrictions in operations/rank[4]
Djibouti voluntary for both genders[1] - - - ✓ #1 (2017-)[80] - - Not No [29]
Dominican R voluntary for both genders[1] ~18%[1](2023) ✓ yes [81]  some [81] Not No Not No ✓ Yes [81]  likely ?[81]
Ecuador voluntary for both genders[1] ~3-4%[1](2022)  some [82]  rare [82] Not No  2/4-5 (2022-2024)  3/3 (2020)  on paper [82]  maybe ?[82] / 2019: >2% rate /
Egypt men compulsory; women voluntary[1]  ?  some ?[9]  limited [9] Not No  50/1058 (2024)  75/1953 (2023) [9]Not No [9]Not No until 2011 restriction to only nursing and highest rank of all times is a major. (2020)[9] /
El Salvador men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~6%[1](2016)  pro­gress ?[83]  some ✓ #1 (2017-2022)  6/57 (2024) ✓ 17/165 (2023) ✓ 24-27/226-228 (2022)  some [84]  some hm: 287 women in armed forces, also 2019? /
Equatorial Guinea men compulsory; women voluntary[1]  ?  ?  ? Not No Not No Not No Not No WFb currently has no info on women, 2019 (and 2022) had the info that women held only admin positions in the navy[53]
Eritrea compulsory for both genders[1] [39] ~30%[1](2020)  maybe ? Not No Not No  some ?[85] - ✓ Yes [86] enWP: en:Eritrean Army, en:Women in Eritrea
Estonia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~10%[1](2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2020-2025)[87]  1/1-4 (2021-2022)  1-3/41-48 (2016, 2018) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 9.1% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Eswatini voluntary for both genders[1]  ?  de facto  de facto [88] Not No Not No  ?  ? -
Ethiopia voluntary for both genders[1]  ?  de facto  some [89]  #0 [90] ✓ 186-259/1471-1502 (2022-2024) ✓ 408-567/3714-4759 (2021-2022)  some [89]  ? WFb has no info about women /
Fiji voluntary for both genders[1] 6.22 (2019[91])  few [91]  few [91]  #0 [92] ✓ 32-42/305-322 (2021-2024)  20-22/299-311 (2019-2021)  ?  ?
Finland men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~19%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes ✓ #4 (2023-2027)[93]  5-12/160-201 (2019-24) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] enWP: women allowed in all roles, including combat / 2.9% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] /
France voluntary for both genders[1] >16%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2021-2025)[94] ✓ 79/725 (2024)  55/598 (2023)  55-70/837-848 (2022) ✓ Yes [4]  some ?[4][53] enWP: women allowed in all positions, including combat. Exception is the Foreign Legion. / 15% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank.[4] /
Gabon voluntary for both genders[1]  ?  ?  ? ✓ #1 (2020-2023)[95]  1/3-4 (2022) ✓ 40-47/449-452 (2019-2021)  ?  ? WFb has no info about women / enWP: There is/was a "women auxiliary", founded in 1962 /
The Gambia voluntary for both genders[1] 10.24%(2020[96]) ✓ Yes [96] ✓ Yes [96] ✓ #1 (2012-)[96]  4-6/12-20 (2021-2024) ✓ 15-19/142-146 (2019-2021) ✓ 27/211-217 (2017-2018) ✓ Yes [96] ✓ Yes(?)[96] enWP: women may have ranks as high as general (also reflected in the 2020 NAP)
Gaza[97] voluntary; no women allowed Not No Not No Not No  Neutral  Neutral Not No Not No WFb: No information / ongoing conflict includes everyone / (media coverage makes clear that there are likely no female Hamas soldiers, also no mention in enWP.
Georgia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~8%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #4 (2022-2024)[98]  33/1561 (2009-2021, not UN)[99] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 4.7% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Abchasia  ?  ?  ?  ?  Neutral  Neutral  ?  ? comment
South Ossetia  ?  ?  ?  ?  Neutral  Neutral  ?  ? comment
Germany voluntary for both genders[1] ~12%[1](2023) ~13%[33](2023) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes ✓ #3 (2021-2024)[100] ✓ 19/172 (2024)  16-50/487-716 (2017-2023) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes WFb: women may serve in all branches and positions (enWP agrees) / Internet research: NATO paper: 11.3% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank /
Ghana voluntary for both genders[1] 14.9% (2020[101]) ✓ Yes ?[102][103] ✓ Yes ?[102][103] ✓ #2 (2020-2025)[104] ✓ 343-374/2282-2627 (2022-24) ✓ 246-413/1917-2408 (2017-2021) [105] ✓ Yes[102][103] ✓ Yes[102][103] WFb had no info on women / Ghana participates in MOWIP[103]
Greece men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~16%[1](2020) 16.8%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] Not No ✓ 11-20/111-119 (2021-2024) ✓ 20-29/140-151 (2018-2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 15.4% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] /
Guatemala selective compulsory for men; women voluntary[1] <10%[1](2017) ✓ Yes [106]  rare ✓ #1 (2012-)[107]  19/195 (2024) ✓ 17/164 (2023)  12-16/164-166 (2021-2022)  techni­cally  techni­cally
Guinea selective compulsory for men[1]; women may volunteer  ?  ?  some ?[108]  #1 (2009-2013)[109]  42-53/666-670 (2021-23)  ?  ? WFb had no info on women. / [110] /
Guinea-Bisseau selective compulsory for men and women[1]  ?  may­be [111] Not No  #1 (2010-2011)[112] Not No  ?  ?
Guyana voluntary for both genders[1]  ?  segre­gated [113]  rare [114] Not No Not No ??Not No Not No Internet indicates: except for singular cases, women are supposed to stay in support roles (on the other hand, the military is so small that it is hard to find evidence of progress)
Haiti anarchy: no information available  Neutral  Neutral  Neutral Not No Not No  Neutral  Neutral -
Vatican voluntary for men, no women allowed[1] 0% Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No -
Honduras voluntary for both genders[1] ~9%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [115]  may­be [116] Not No  1 (2018)[117]  may­be [115]  may­be [115]
Hungary voluntary for both genders[1] >20%[1](2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] Not No  1-4/11-27 (2018-24) ✓ 11-16/82-83 (2016-2018) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 20% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] /
Iceland no military[1]  ? ✓ Yes  ? ✓ #3 (2018-2022)  Neutral  Neutral  Neutral WFb: No military; no data on gender in the public security forces.
India voluntary for both genders[1] <1%[1](2023)[118]  some  rare/some Not No  100-102/5846-5873 (2023-24)  73-74/5374-5673 (2022)  some [119] [120]Not No WFb 2019 tells of special occupations[53] /
Indonesia voluntary for both genders[1] ~7%[1] (2023)  segre­gated [121]  some ✓ #1 (2014-2019)  64-69/2490-2497 (2023-24)  110-142/2384-2499 (2020-2022)  may­be [121] ✓ Yes [121] WFb: selective compulsory service for men not used in practice / UN PK
Iran men compulsory, women not allowed ("exempted")[1] Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No WFb: Other internet sources: Women may serve in paramilitary/militia. EnWP includes historic examples (Shah, Iraq-Iran-War), militia. A new initiative of 2023 is mentioned. More to come?
Iraq voluntary for both genders[1] <2% (2022[122]) [122]Not No [122]Not No ✓ #2 (2021-2024, on paper)[122][123] Not No [122]Not No [122]Not No [29] / Note that Internet research on Iraq's military women is severely hampered by US military women involved in the 2003 invasion /
(Iraqi) Kurdistan voluntary for both genders[1]  ?  segre­gated? [124]  rare [41]  Neutral  de facto [86]  ?  de facto en:Iraqi Kurdistan and en:Rojava are treated here as de-facto seperate entities (or as just one entity) from Iraq and Syria, given how the policies in these Kurdish-dominated regions are distinct from the countries/borders officially recognized by the UN, and as of 2024 stable for over a decade.
Ireland voluntary for both genders[1] ~7%[1](2023) ~7%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2019-2024)[125]  13-40/448-591 (2016-2024)  some [4] ✓ Yes [4][86] enWP: 2010: 5.7%; women allowed in all operational/admin/combat roles since 1979 / no restrictions in general, but no mention of operations (incl. combat)[4] /
Israel compulsory for both genders[1] [39] 35%[1](2021) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes Not No  de facto [126] ✓ Yes ✓ Yes enWP: less than 4% are serving in actual combat roles, but that means yes they do that. Also enWP: There are female senior commanding officers, and women engaged in the Gaza war. / 85% of all positions may be held by women; 30% officer rate
Italy voluntary for both genders[1] ~6%[1](2022) >7%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #4 (2020-2024) [127]  26-47/869-1176 (2016-2024) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: women may serve in any military branch (enWP agrees) / 4.3% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank; "Carabinieri prefers to assign men to Riot Control Departments"[4] /
Jamaica voluntary for both genders[1] ~20%[1](2020) ✓ Yes [128] ✓ Yes [129] Not No not yet[130] = Not No ✓ Yes [129] ✓ Yes [131] There are quotas in place, with the goal that no part of the force has less than 25% of either gender. / No info about how unusual combat missions are for regular women troops.
Japan voluntary for both genders[1] ~9%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2019-2022)[132]  1-2/4-5 (2018-2024)  3/274 (2016)  maybe ?[4] [4]Not No WFb: enWP: women were (as of the 1990s [!]) still restricted to non-combat and officer roles; article gives no indication of a change / 6.1% in 2016 with a quota that aims for 9% in 2030; restrictions that prohibit combat deployments are pointed out[4]
Jordan selective compulsory for men; women voluntary[1] ~3%[1](2023)  some ? ✓ Yes [28] ✓ #1 (2018-2021)[133]  2/20 (2024)  2/339-414 (2021-23)  2-4/82-127 (2018-2021)  some [28]  pro­gress [28] WFb: conscription only for unemployed men. / women may only hold noncombat posts[53][29] / rate of 1.5% when excluding the medical branch (2019); also "recruitment, training, pay, promotions, and length of military service are equal to those of their male counterparts"[9] / Jordan participates in MOWIP[134]
Kazakhstan men compulsory; women voluntary[1][135] <14%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [136]  rare [136] ✓ #1 (2022-2025)[137]  7/139 (2024-03)[138]  some [139][140] [139]Not No enWP had an insubstantiated claim of women being allowed frontline combat roles
Kenya voluntary for both genders[1] ~8% (2005)[54]  on paper?  rare ?[141] ✓ #2 (2020-2024)[142] ✓ 51-60/390-421 (2023-2024) ✓ 29-31/289-315 (2021-2022) ✓ 23-29/120-193 (2017-2021)  on paper?  on paper Government-prescribed policy goal is 30%; study describes how women are not forbidden away from combat, but steered away from it. Higher level ranks were not achieved (2016)[54]. /
North Korea compulsory for both genders[1] (women selective compulsory) ~20%[1](no year given)  segre­gated? [143] Not No Not No Not No  some ?[144][143] ✓ Yes [86] Internet research: claims "up to 40%" based on speculation.
South Korea men compulsory, women voluntary[1] 6.8%[145](2020) 5.5%[146](2018) [147] ✓ Yes [145] ✓ Yes [145] ✓ #3 (2021-2023)[148]  15-34/511-610 (2018-2024) ✓ Yes [145][53][149] ✓ Yes [145] women may serve in all branches and as officers[53]
Kosovo voluntary for all citizens[1] 8.2%(2017[150]) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes [150]  #1 (2013-2015) [151] Not No  maybe ?[150] ✓ Yes [150]
Kuwait men compulsory; women voluntary[1]  ? Not No  in the­ory [152] Not No Not No ? - Not No [152]!Not No WFb: recent changes from voluntary forces; women volunteers only accepted since 2021. / [29] / Kuwait last, in 2021... /
Kyrgyzstan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] - -  rare [40] ✓ #2 (2018-2020)[153] - - - -
Laos men compulsory/voluntary; NO info on women[1] -  segre­gated [154] ✓ Yes [154] Not No Not No  ? [154]Not No 2024 Lao PDR has multiple gender mainstreaming policies that assert the rights of women to advance
Latvia voluntary for both genders[1] ~16%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2020-2025) [155]  1/4 (2024)  1/1 (2019) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 16% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Lebanon voluntary for both genders[1] ~5%[1](2023)  some?  some ✓ #1 (2019-2022)[156] Not No  partly [157] Not No report confirms the 5% number for 2019]; states original limitation to non-combat, which has partly been overcome since. Many systemic challenges remain.[9] / ISPI[29] mentions no specific policy to make Lebanon outstanding from the other Arab states /
Lesotho voluntary for both genders[1] ~10%[11](2018)  some  some [53] Not No Not No - - Women may serve as NCOs[53]
Liberia voluntary for both genders[1]WFb 4.4% (2020)[158] 3% (2018[159]) ✓ Yes but rare ✓ Yes [158][160] ✓ #2 (2019-2023) [159]  15-16/161-163 (2021-2023) ✓ 23/162 (2021) ✓ 15-16/108-117 (2019-2020)  likely?  maybe ? 2008: goal is 20% for military+police combined / newer goal since 2019 is 30%[159] and 10% for the AFL[158]. [161] / "latest news (?)" show backtracking: only 3.2% in February... 2020? 2024? / Liberia already particpated in ELSIE, which reports "very few women in the AFL"[59]
Libya no info[1]  ?  ?  ? Not No Not No  ?  ? WFb: Ongoing civil war; regulations unknown. / Preliminary internet research: In the past, women did serve in specialized units, and female selective conscription existed?
Lithuania men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~12%[1](2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2020-2024) [162]  4-6/44-46 (2021-2024)  2-3/35-38 (2018-2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 7.8% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank
Luxembourg voluntary for both genders[1] 12%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2018-2024) [163]  some [164] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 6.6% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4][165]
Madagascar voluntary for both genders[1] <1% (2015 report>)  some or rare Not No Not No Not No  some [166] Not No WFb: women may now service in all branches; contrast memory from 2016 research: the latest data for 2016 suggested that women may only serve as nurses / Internet research gives a number for 2015 with 0.1% which is corresponding with previous memory. / enWP: "every citizen of either gender is required to have perform either military or civil service for a minimum of 18 months" (2010???) /
Malawi voluntary for both genders[1] ~8%[11](2018) ✓ Yes [167]  some [168][167] ✓ #1 (2021-2025) ✓ 90/746-754 (2023-24)  75/753 (2022) ✓ 78-85/719-748 (2021-2022) ✓ Yes ?[169][59] ✓ Yes [170][167][171] Internet research: this report gives 5% rate for 2015 / SADC report 2018: 8% rate /
Malaysia voluntary for both genders[1] 13% (2018[172])  segre­gated - Not No ✓ 87-88/837-839 (2023-2024)  83/846 (2022) ✓ 87/834 (2022) - Not No WFb: GOAL is to have 10%+ women serving /
Maldives voluntary for both genders[1] -  not really  rare [40][41] Not No Not No Not No Not No 2024 UN gender report on Maldives suggests widespread non-equality; and politicians have to enforce promotions and presence of women
Mali selective compulsory for men[1]; women also compulsory[39] or voluntary?  on paper  some [173]  some [174] ✓ #3 (2019-2023) [175] Not No -  maybe ? ongoing conflicts as of 2024; women possibly de facto combattants. / there is no clear indication whether or not women conscription/service/alternate duties are enforced in any stringent way
Malta voluntary for both genders[1] <6% (2019 article) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes ✓ #1 (2020-2024)  1/9-11 (2021-2022) [176] ✓ Yes [177]  maybe ?[177] article about the 49 women (2009) / article about the 100 women (2019) /
Mauritania voluntary for both genders[1]  ?  some [178] Not No Not No  3-11/458-758 (2019-2024) Not No [29]Not No WFb: (yet unenforced laws: compulsory for men, again since 2019) / enWP: Women serve since 2007 /
Mexico men compulsory; women voluntary[1] 12%[179](2023) 15%[1](2022) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes ✓ #1 (2021-) [180]  1/4-5 (2018-2021)  like­ly ?[179] ✓ Yes[179] 2007: military opens up to women but at first not for combat / that came later? / 2022: Female general confirmed / report: 11.8% in 2020, less than 4% in high rank positions / Mexico participates in MOWIP[179]
Moldova men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~20%[1](2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2018-2021) [181] Not No ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 18% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Transnistria men compulsory, women voluntary[182]  ?  some [183] ?Not No  Neutral  Neutral [183]Not No [183]Not No comment
Mongolia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~14% (2022[184])  pro­gress [184] ✓ Yes [184] Not No ✓ 105/874 (2024) ✓ 97/871 (2023)  54-82/862-930 (2016-2022)  maybe ?[184] - Internet research: Women may not be deployed "overseas" (i.e. out of the country??) / Mongolia participates in MOWIP /
Montenegro voluntary for both genders[1] >15%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4]  ongo­ing [4] ✓ #1 (2017-2018)[185] - ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 3.8% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank - but no women had been reported as reaching even mid-level officer ranks yet[4]
Morocco selective compulsory for both genders[39][186] (women currently voluntary)[1] 5.6% (2021)[187] ✓ yes [188]  some ?[188] ✓ #1 (2022-) [189]  35-46/1688-1705 (2021-24)  29-41/2116-2136 (2019-2020) Not No Not No [29] / national target rate is 15% /
Western Sahara voluntary for both genders  ? ✓ Yes  ? Not No Not No  Neutral  de facto The Sahrawi ADR's military/militia is the Polisario, a voluntary rebel group that includes female fighters[190]. Note: Western Sahara was apparently dropped from CIA WFb, because Trump and Kushner screwed them over to placate Israel
Mozambique selective compulsory for both genders[1] [38] [39] ~12[191] ~5%[11](2018)  some [191]  rare ✓ #1 (2018-2022)[192] Not No  maybe ?  maybe ? women both as enlisted and as officers[53] / 30% rate long-term goal[192] / "The majority of women are in support functions: administration, logistics and military health"[191]
Namibia voluntary for both genders[1] ~23% (2019)[193] ✓ Yes  rare [194] ✓ #1 (2019-2024) [193]  2-3/3-10 (2016-24)  on paper ?[195]  on paper 23% rate for 2015[54] and 26% rate in 2015 and 23% rate in 2018[11] and >20%[1](2018)/
Nepal voluntary for both genders[1] ~7%[1](2022) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes ✓ #2 (2022-2025)  541-576/5833-5942 (2023-2024)  274-357/5423-5431 (2022) Not No Not No enWP: Women's roles have been constantly expanded, there are high-ranking officers now - explicitly named are support roles.
Netherlands voluntary for both genders[1] ~14%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #4 (2021-2025)  1-3/1-12 (2022-2024)  6/79 (2022)  1/6-8 (2019-2021) ✓ Yes [4]  some [4] WFb: (conscription for both genders, but no longer enforced) / 9.5% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on rank (no mentions of operations!)[4]
New Zealand voluntary for both genders[1] ~20%[1](2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2015-2019) [196]  1/1 (2023-2024)  3/12 (2022-10)  1/1 (2016, 2019, 2021)  2/3 (2018) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [86][4] WFb: may serve in all occupations (enWP agrees) / 17% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Nicaragua voluntary; no women allowed[1] - Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Internet research: no information whatsoever about any women in the military since the end of the en:Nicaraguan Revolution (which ended the feminist movement)
Niger selective compulsory for both genders[1] [39] - Not No Not No ✓ #2 (2020-2024) ✓ 36/92 (2024)  5-13/872-1579 (2016-2023) Not No Not No Women will usually opt/volunteer for health care or civil services[53] / Niger is about to particpate in ELSIE[59]
Nigeria voluntary for both genders[1] -  segre­gated [197]  very rare ✓ #2 (2017-2020) ✓ 41-53/201-265 (2023-2024) ✓ 21-22/97-106 (2022) ✓ 11-24/94-104 (2019-2021)  31-34/220-280 (2018)  117/1255 (2017)  166/1708 (2016)  some [198] ✓ Yes [197] Bature 2019: Combat operations in the Nigerian armed forces: Combat is allowed for women; but there is about no gender integration program. Promotion of women was halted until recently (2019) /
North Macedonia voluntary for both genders[1] ~10%[1](2023) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes  #1 (2013-2015) [199]  1/1 (2020) [200] - ✓ Yes [201] -
Norway selective compulsory for men and women[1] [39] ~20%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #5 (2023-2030)  3-5/15-20 (2023-2024)  7/46 (2022)  3/29-30 (2021-2022) ✓ 11/96 (2021)  3-7/28-39 (2018-2020)  1-2/20-23 (2016-2017) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: (36% of conscripts in 2023 were women) / 10.7% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] / Norway participates in MOWIP[202] /
Oman voluntary for both genders[1] -  some  some Not No - - [29]Not No / pioneer [.. integrating women into the military in 2011]
Pakistan voluntary for both genders[1] <2% (unclear year, enWP)  some  some Not No  143/4066 (2024)  65-84/3708-4546 (2020-2023)  26-57/4888-6020 (2018-2019)  20-21/6771-6774 (2016-2017)  some [119] Not No WFb: women may serve in all three armed forces / enWP clarifies: Except for fighter pilots, this means non-combat roles, but favors women officers; based on the article, the percentage is as low as <1 or <2% of the total forces. / Internet research: Claims of 4000 women in total /
Panama No military[1] 16.8% (2020 report>) - - Not No Not No - - WFb: no data on gender in the public security forces. / However, there is still a report on women integration in the police forces. /
Papua New Guinea voluntary for both genders[1]  ? ✓ Yes  some/rare Not No Not No  ?  ? Internet research: first junior officers in 2014. Training for peacekeeping in 2023.
Paraguay men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~6%[1](2021) ✓ Yes  rare ✓ #1 (2015-)  2-7/14-17 (2019-2024) {half done|1/15}} (2018)  3-5/99-101 (2016-2017) ✓ Yes Not No gender integration plans are in place, infantry closed for women; navy and air force fully open /
Peru voluntary for both genders[1] ~10%[1](2019) ✓ Yes  rare ✓ #1 (2021) ✓ 27-38/218-234 (2022-2024) ✓ 24-33/115-219 (2020-2021)  in the­ory  in the­ory UN PK / <1% senior staff, attributed to the very recent incorporation of the first women. "there is no legal limitation [...] for any position [... yet] no women serve in combat positions" /
Philippines voluntary for both genders[1] ~6%[1](2020) ✓ Yes - ✓ #2 (2017-2022)  1/22 (2017) ✓ 14/137 (2016) - ✓ Yes WFb: women train in combat roles since 1993 (enWP agrees) / UN PK
Poland voluntary for both genders[1] ~7%[1](2019) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2018-2021) ✓ 16-25/193-194 (2022-24)  11-16/201-224 (2019-2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: women serve on same terms as men / 5% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] /
Portugal voluntary for both genders[1] ~14%[1](2023) ~15%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2019-2022)  18/219 (2024)  7/268 (2023)  9-19/194-198 (2022)  6-18/186-256 (2019-2021) ✓ Yes [4]  some ?[4] women are prohibited of some combat specialities[53] / 10.7% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on rank (no mentions of operations!)[4] / 2019: first time for combat roles /
Qatar men compulsory; women voluntary[1] - Not No  rare/some Not No Not No  some [29]Not No uniformed officers and pilots are allowed[53] / "hold certain administrative roles" even before 2018
Romania voluntary for both genders[1] 5.9% (2016 paper>) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2014-2024) [203]  2-6/3-11 (2023-2024)  3/11 (2021)  7/131-132 (2019-2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [86][4] no quota for women; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Russia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~5%[1](2020) - - Not No  de facto (2022-)  1-4/16-20 (2019-2024)  some ?[204]  training [205] enWP cites CSIS, with a more precise count of 4.2% for 2020, i.e. 41'000 women troops). As of 2022, the same number of 40'000 women amounts to merely 1% of the enlarged armed forces during the war /
Rwanda voluntary for both genders[1] ~6%[1](2022) 0.8%[54](2011) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes ✓ #2 (2018-2023)  230-272/4155-4766 (2021-2024)  209-360/5247-5286 (2019-2021) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes Rwandan female commander serves in international peacekeeping / Rwanda is gaining a reputation as Africa’s preferred peacekeeper[191]
St Kitts and Nevis voluntary for both genders[1] -  may­be [206]  maybe ? Not No Not No  maybe ?  maybe ?[207] -
Sao Tomé and Princípe voluntary; NO data on women[1] Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No Not No WFb: conscription in theory, not enforced / [208]
Saudi-Arabia voluntary for both genders[1] - [209][10]Not No [209]Not No Not No Not No [209]Not No [209][29]Not No WFb: women are allowed to serve up to NCO, but not officers / enWP agrees and also specifies: no combat roles / [28] / first only internal security; later also as regular soldiers/NCOs[53] /
Senegal selective compulsory service for men (and women in theory); women voluntary[1] 5.5% (2023[210]) ✓ Yes, with compli­cations [211] ✓ Yes, but rare [212] ✓ #2 (2020-2024)  12/198 (2024)  37-49/999-1398 (2019-2023)  some [211][59] [211]Not No Women allowed since 2008[53] / Senegal participates in ELSIE and MOWIP[213]
Serbia voluntary for both genders[1] ~16%[1](2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2017-2020) ✓ 29-44/252-319 (2016-2024) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Seychelles voluntary for both genders[1] ~<20%[11](2018) ✓ Yes ?[214]  rare [215][214] Not No Not No  few [215][216] - Internet research: SADC report 2018: 20% rate /
Sierra Leone voluntary for both genders[1] ~12% (2022)[217] ✓ Yes  some [218][59] ✓ #2 (2019-2023)  4/10 (2024)  6-9/28-32 (2019-23) ✓ Yes ?[217] ✓ Yes ?[217] UN-featured article during the pandemic / Sierra Leone has particpated in ELSIE, see MOWIP report[59]
Singapore men compulsory; women voluntary[1] 8% (2022[219]) ✓ Yes [219] ✓ Yes [219] Not No Not No ✓ Yes [219] ✓ Yes [86] women may serve in combat roles[53]
Slovakia voluntary for both genders[1] ~12%[1](2020) ~13.59%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2021-2025) ✓ 22-31/238-240 (2021-2024)  23/241 (2021) ✓ 25-26/241 (2019-2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 10.1% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4] / UN PK /
Slovenia voluntary for both genders[1] ~16%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #1 (2018-2020) [220]  1-2/13-18 (2017-2019) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 16.1% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Solomon Islands no military[1] - - - ✓ #1 (2017-2021) Not No  Neutral  Neutral WFb: No military; no data on gender in the public security forces.
Somalia voluntary for both genders[1] ~3,6% (? - 2020 article) Not No  low ranks [221] ✓ #1 (2020-2025) [222] Not No - [29]Not No WFb: (compulsory for both genders, currently not enforced) / ongoing civil war / enWP: women serve since at least 2014 / J4F: Somalia had the first female African military pilot
Somaliland voluntary for both genders (enWP)  ? Not No  de facto  Neutral  Neutral  some Not No no CIAWFB data; enWP shows pictures of Somaliland women under arms / Captain Muktar is first of her rank in the coast guard (navy) in 2022 /
Puntland no data  ?  ?  ?  Neutral  Neutral  ?  ? no CIAWFB data; Internet research turns out mostly empty-handed? Probably similar to Somaliland?
South Africa voluntary for both genders[1] ~30%[1](2020) / ~30% (2018[11]) / enWP: 26,6% (2011) ✓ Yes [223]  on paper [223] ✓ #1 (2020-2025) ✓ 152-240/948-1374 (2016-2024)  some [224] Not No women only in non-combat roles[53] / weapon training only for self defense, women are systematically blocked from higher ranks (2019) / UN PK /
South Sudan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] <10%[1](2019)  de facto  rare [225] ✓ #1 (2015-2020) Not No -  de facto enWP: women have risen up to the rank of Colonel; ongoing civil unrest/war leads to the "de facto" designation for combat operations, even if that may not be the law?
Spain voluntary for both genders[1] ~13%[1](2023) ~12%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2 (2017-2023) [226]  27-55/627-787 (2016-2024) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] 12.6% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on rank (no mentions of operations)[4] / WFb 2019 clarifies the last point: including combat units[53] /
Sri Lanka voluntary for both genders[1] -  some ✓ Yes ✓ #1 (2023-2027)  25-27/544-548 (2022-2024)  6-12/442-703 (2016-2021) ✓ Yes Not No WFb: enWP clarifies: this means special all-female branches which are not sent into direct combat (but got exposed involuntarily); and also support roles and fairly high ranking officers.
Sudan compulsory for both genders[1] [39] -  de facto, segre­gated [227] - ✓ #1 (2020-) Not No Not No  de facto [29] Note: ongoing civil war; de facto might change? /
Suriname voluntary for both genders[1] - - - Not No Not No [228]Not No [228]Not No -
Sweden selective compulsory for both genders[1] [39] >20%[1](2023) ~22%[33](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #3 (2016-2020) ✓ 21/184 (2022)  10-18/182-187 (2021-2022) ✓ 35-36/100-265 (2019-2020) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [86][4] enWP: women may serve in all roles, including combat / 8.3% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Switzerland men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~1%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #4 (2018-2022)  1/7-8 (2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [86][4] 3% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Syria men compulsory; women voluntary[1]  ?  segre­gated  rare [9] Not No Not No ✓ Yes  de facto [9] WFb: women may serve in combat arms; there is an all-female brigade / report confirms the combat roles, and adds that leadership positions are (intentionally?) rare[9] / ~8500 women have been integrated into the military between 2013 and 2016; there are elite female tank operators and snipers[10] /
Taiwan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~15%[1](2023) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes  Neutral  Neutral ✓ Yes [229][230] Not No WFb: women are excluded from non-combat roles (enWP doesn't disagree; the rate was 13.6% in 2017; apparently talks are about voluntary reserve forces training since 2023)
Tajikistan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] - - - ✓ #2 (2019-2022) [231] Not No - - no info (??)
Tanzania voluntary for both genders[1] ~25%[11](2018) ✓ Yes - Not No  137-145/1504-1555 (2023-2024)  101-137/1428-1696 (2021-2022) - - Internet research: SADC report 2018: 25% rate /
Thailand men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~8%[1](2020) - - Not No  12-13/276-278 (2022-2024)  1-4/269-280 (2019-2022) - - enWP implies combat rules are excluded, except counter-insurgency officers (talking-down roles, again not combat)
East Timor voluntary for both genders[1] 9% [232] ✓ Yes  few[233] ✓ #1[232] (2016-2020) Not No - - WFb: (conscription for both genders about to be implemented)
Togo voluntary for both genders[1] 7%[1](2022) ✓ Yes  maybe  #1 (2011-2016)[234]  4/9 (2024)  50-67/739-746 (2022-2023)  27-55/938-1253 (2016-2021) - - Internet research: Women allowed to serve since 2007; mid-level officers of the medical branch were interviewed 2023. International deployment in peacekeeping was allowed; combat role and higher leadership positions unclear / Togo is about to particpate in ELSIE[59]
Tonga voluntary for both genders[1] <9% (2023[235]) ✓ Yes  ? Not No Not No ✓ Yes  on paper Internet research: Tongo 2021: Women have a navy history
Trinidad & Tobago voluntary for both genders[1] ~14%[1](2019) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes Not No Not No ✓ Yes ✓ Yes Internet research: WFb source is likely this report. / 14.3% in 2020
Tunisia men compulsory; women voluntary[1] ~8%[1](2023)  almost [9] ✓ Yes [9] ✓ #1 (2018-2022)  36-44/782-869 (2023-2024)  16-20/410-416 (2022) -  mostly WFb: conscription for women was in discussion; women served in all three services / report confirms 7% for 2019 and also "Almost the same conditions and requirements apply to both genders [...] women have progressed in the TAF to occupy leading roles"[9]
Turkey men compulsory; women voluntary[1] 0.3%[1](2020)  some ?[4] ✓ Yes [4] Not No  1-2/113-115 (2022-2023)  1/85 (2018) ✓ Yes Not No WFb: enWP: women serve in all branches, usually as officers, in non-combat roles / 1.3% in 2016 with no quota; restrictions in place that forbid frontline combat, 94% of serving women were mid- and low-grade officers.[4] However, 2022 saw the first Turkish general.
Turkmenistan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] -  some ?  some Not No Not No  maybe ?  maybe ? enWP: en:Armed Forces of Turkmenistan have a first paratroopers in an assault batallion, captains and majors.
Uganda voluntary for both genders[1] ~3% (2011[54] ✓ some [236]  pro­gress [237][40] ✓ #3 (2021-2025) ✓ 81-94/625-628 (2022-2024)  51-52/627-628 (2021) ✓ 87/628 (2019-2020) ✓ Yes [238] ✓ Yes [239] /
Ukraine men compulsory; women voluntary[1] 8.5%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #2.5 (2022-2025)  1-4/256-419 (2016-2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] a quota was in place 2016; restrictions are mentioned that have since become obsolete[4]; maybe Special Forces are still restricted?[240] / 10.6% rate in 2019
UAE men compulsory; women voluntary[1] -  segre­gated [241]  some [242] ✓ #1 (2021-)  de facto [243]  some [28] [29]Not No enWP: officer and fighter pilot roles are available[244] / UAE hosts a reknowned only-female military academy[28] /
UK voluntary for both genders[1] >11%[1](2023) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #5 (2023-)[245] ~✓ 27-30/267-283 (2023-2024)  30-50/518-556 (2021-2022) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: women may serve in all roles including combat (enWP agrees) / 10.1% in 2016 with a quota: goal for 2020 was 15%; no restrictions on operations or rank (ban on combat ops was lifted in 2016; policy was expected for 2018)[4] /
USA voluntary for both genders[1] >17%[1](2021) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] ✓ #4 (2023)  1-3/21-30 (2019-2024)  6-9/34-48 (2016-2018) ✓ Yes [4] ✓ Yes [4] WFb: women may serve in all roles including combat / 15.9% in 2016 with no quota; no restrictions on operations or rank[4]
Uruguay voluntary for both genders[1] <20%[1](2023) ✓ Yes  rare ✓ #1 (2021-2024)  43-67/823-1044 (2021-2024)  78-80/1102-1141 (2019-2021) ✓ Yes ✓ Yes women serve in combat and leadership. (The Internet also gives rates of 25% for 2013, but those are outdated) / ~11% rate for 2020; presence in flag positions "very low" / Uruguay participates in MOWIP[246]
Uzbekistan men compulsory; women voluntary[1] - - - Not No Not No Not No Not No Internet research: 2017: Women may volunteer for non-combat positions.
Venezuela compulsory for both genders[1] - ✓ Yes ✓ Yes Not No - ✓ Yes ✓ Yes unreasonably optimistic propaganda piece, but features the first fem. Admiral, 2012
Vietnam selective compulsory for men ; women voluntary[1] <<5%[247]  segre­gated?  limited Not No ✓ 33-37/260-261 (2022-2024) ✓ 10-14/68-73 (2019-2022)  maybe ? ✓ Yes (in theory: women also compulsory service, but not enforced) /
Palestine (West Bank) No military[1] - - - ✓ #1 (2020-2023)  Neutral - - WFb: no data on gender in the public security forces.
Yemen voluntary for both genders[1] - [248]Not No Not No ✓ #1 (2020-2022) Not No Not No [249] de facto NOTE: ongoing civil war; / a draft was intended with a 30% women quota in the military but not realized in back in 2014. /
Zambia voluntary for both genders[1] ~10%[11](2018)  some at least?  rare ?[250] Not No ✓ 175-205/937-947 (2022-2024) ✓ 112-142/937-941 (2019-2021)  some [251]  some [252] Zambia participates in MOWIP[253]
Zimbabwe voluntary for both genders[1] ~20%[11](2018) ~20%[54](2015)  some  rare? Not No  4-8/8-14 (2021-2024)  1-4/2-5 (2016-2020) -  maybe ? SADC report 2018: 20% rate / "gender parity in all state institutions" / article depicts first Air Commodore of the country, appointed 2016 / "Zimbabwe has the highest proportion of women serving in peacekeeping forces at 35 percent" (true: "5 out of 14" = 35%)

Contribution:[edit]

If someone is interested in keeping the map up to date, please provide sources wherever possible.

The data of the table above will likely be displayed on a derivative of this map, with the territories of Puntland, Somaliland, Kurdistan, Rojava, and possibly Transnistria, Abchasia and Ossetia included.

This collection is for the purpose of creating a map displaying the current/contemporary situation of women in the military in the world - historical data is unsuitable for this purpose, but may be collected below in the currently out-commented sections.

--Enyavar (talk) 11:29, 4 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]


References[edit]

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja CIA World Factbook 2023
  2. ↑ UN-WPS Report 2020
  3. ↑ Albania 2019: Regulations appear to allow women in all roles, including combat and leadership, although this has seemingly not been put fully to practice. From NATO paper: 14% achieved in 2016; 15% was goal.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh NATO country report for 2016 (published 2017)
  5. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Albania
  6. ↑ a b c d Algeria, 2015: Women are on paper allowed the same opportunities as men, including a few high ranks, but not combat roles
  7. ↑ 2017: NO NAP for UN-res 1325, Algeria
  8. ↑ Algeria famously has a policy of non-interventionalism, so has not deployed military into foreign countries
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n [https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Women_in_Arab_Armies-final_report_English.pdf Women in Arab Armies report, 2020
  10. ↑ a b c 2021: Arab Armies turn to women
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l SADC report 2018
  12. ↑ Female Angolan generals (though: recognition of past efforts, not to command)
  13. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Angola 2017
  14. ↑ a b c 2003: there are 36 female soldiers out of a total of 233. 2 women (5.5%) are of officer rank.
  15. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, Argentina
  16. ↑ Argentina 2015: first female general in 2015
  17. ↑ progress out of necessity?
  18. ↑ Armenia 2013: officer roles opened? 1400 women serve
  19. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Armenia
  20. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Australia
  21. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Austria
  22. ↑ Azerbaijan 2017: 1000 women serve in the army
  23. ↑ Azerbaijan 2023: there are female majors
  24. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Azerbaijan - draft does not mention military integration (draft is for 2020-2023 but was not yet implemented)
  25. ↑ a b women are supposed to work in a multitude of support roles, combat is a rare exception
  26. ↑ 30% of new recruits 2022 were women, the largest rate ever
  27. ↑ Bahamas: female NCOs since 1987
  28. ↑ a b c d e f g 2023: 642 female officers in Jordan; incl. pilots; goal of 3% in combat units. Also fighter pilots from Lebanon+Bahrain+UAE. Saudi recruiting.
  29. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ISPI: Women in arab forces: generally barred from combat, more details on some countries
  30. ↑ a b c d Bangladesh 2022: ~2% women rate acc. to MOWIP report, ~5% women in the medium-high rank officer corps; the quotas are much higher
  31. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, Bangladesh
  32. ↑ Bangladesh 2014: First female helicopter pilot
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Euromil: Data of some EU member countries. Cyprus doesn't publicly reveal the number of women in its armed forces.
  34. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Belgium
  35. ↑ Belize 2021: Interview: 10% rate
  36. ↑ Belize 2024: few women in leadership, but gender integration is openly campaigned for; 2023: first female colonel (medical); see also below.
  37. ↑ Belize 2023: First female pilot. There are also maintenance captains.
  38. ↑ a b c compulsory systems for women in 2019: Israel, Eritrea, Mali(???), *Morocco*, North Korea and Tunisia(???). Also selective compulsory: Benin, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Norway and Sweden. Note: "*" marks incorrect entries here.
  39. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wall Street Journal apparently relies on CIA WFb as well, naming as compulsory systems: Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Israel, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, North Korea, Norway, Sudan, Sweden
  40. ↑ a b c d 2019: India trains female officers of Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan, Seychelles, Afghanistan, the Maldives and Uganda
  41. ↑ a b c 2021: Female officers from Bhutan, Maldives and Iraqi Kurdistan graduate from Sandhurst]
  42. ↑ 2019: Women making progress in Bolivian armed forces
  43. ↑ 2015: Bolivia's first woman general
  44. ↑ a b c Bosnia 2021: 6.8% civilian personnel, 5.5% military personnel, the number of officers and candidates rises steadily, integration progresses
  45. ↑ first Bosnian general in an interview
  46. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Only 2.5% of high rank officers are women, of them 22% are senior officers. Of the 6.8% rate in the whole military in 2020, 24% were civilian employees and the rate was after that fact only 5.5%
  47. ↑ Bosnia 2015: women in the ground forces
  48. ↑ a b c d BDF integrates female soldiers into combat roles
  49. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Brazil; NAP was extended until 2023.
  50. ↑ a b Brunei 2019: there are low rank officers, usually in communications, medicine, public relations. Mention of a munitions/radiology engineer/commander
  51. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Bulgaria
  52. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Burkina Faso; no new development since 2016
  53. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/fields/military-service-age-and-obligation WFb 2019
  54. ↑ a b c d e f g 2016 study on women in Kenya's military, also cites numbers for Uganda, Burundi etc. All used sources in this are several years old! For Uganda 2011: 1566 female soldiers, that seems to amount to 3-4%(??)
  55. ↑ https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/women-are-starting-take-leadership-posts-burundis-police-and-military Burundi 2021: a women is made head of gender department]
  56. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Burundi
  57. ↑ Cambodia 2018: 6500 women in the troops; top brass has just a 3% rate (88 women generals among ~3000 total); high ranking officials defend both the idea of more women in the military and the traditional ideals of womenhood
  58. ↑ Cambodian officers graduate from American and Japanese military academies, 2020
  59. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Elsie report 2023, announcing partner countries
  60. ↑ cfe-dmha Cambodia 2024
  61. ↑ rate of women is currently 7.48%; goal is 10% (August 2019), goal seems to be met almost with new recruits. See also here: 49 of 512 enrolment
  62. ↑ a b c CAR 2024: Interview with female Colonel who joined in 1997: support roles are still the norm
  63. ↑ a b Chad 2020: First women lieutenants are becoming Air Force pilots
  64. ↑ a b c Chile 2015 paper ends with "At present, there are limitations in certain areas, only for institutional needs, such as some branches or units, but not for gender reasons or arbitrary discrimination" and "the process is not over"
  65. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Chile
  66. ↑ Chile 2020 report: submarines and marine corps are still closed.
  67. ↑ regarding China: article to confirm 4.5% rates in the 1990s and ~~~5% for the 2010s
  68. ↑ China 2021: glass ceiling prevents higher ranks; air force recruits 2-4% women per year. Also: focus on communication officers?
  69. ↑ China 2023: First female pilot for "heavy duty jets" J-11
  70. ↑ China, 2017: all-female combat brigade founded in 2013 - so segregated combat?
  71. ↑ SADC report for DR Congo: gives a 7% rate for 2015
  72. ↑ Costa Rica: there is a report on gender in the public security forces
  73. ↑ a b Ivory Coast 2023: three women part of a security contingent
  74. ↑ en:Akissi Kouamé is the first female General from Ivory Coast (since 2012); not much else found
  75. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, Côte d'Ivoire
  76. ↑ a b c US guide on Cuba from 1979, totally not outdated(^y^)
  77. ↑ a b Women have been allowed in the military of the Republic of Cyprus since at least the 2000s and since 2016 are hired as corporals with the same status as men, however cases when women are promoted to higher NCO and Officer ranks are exceedingly rare
  78. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Cyprus: Page 19: To date, out of 2993 currently serving professional soldiers (National Guard), 506 are women. --> 16.9%
  79. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Czechia
  80. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Djibouti
  81. ↑ a b c d Dominican 2020 report : 20.7% women - there are glass ceilings and only ~4% officer rates. All positions are open, no roles are barred.
  82. ↑ a b c d Ecuador 2020: 2.7%; female officer rates <1%; there is no gender integration strategy, all positions are officially open but many occupations remain male-only.
  83. ↑ this article says 611 women in the military 2020, which amounts to just 2.9% (of the 21k troop strength in 2019)
  84. ↑ 2016: first fighter pilot in El Salvador, entered military 2004, died 2023
  85. ↑ Eritrea 2013: Had female fighter pilots
  86. ↑ a b c d e f g h i 2014: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the US allows women in combat
  87. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Estonia
  88. ↑ Facebook source: anonymous Eswatini female commander engaged in operations
  89. ↑ a b Ethiopian female Air Force Captain
  90. ↑ Since 2019, Ethiopia is still drafting a first NAP on 1325
  91. ↑ a b c Fiji 2019 rate: 464 women compared to 7,457; also announcing a gender integration plan
  92. ↑ Since 2022, Fiji is still drafting a first NAP on 1325
  93. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Finland
  94. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, France
  95. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Gabon / report 2022: action plan calls for increases in women recruitment
  96. ↑ a b c d e f NAP for UN-res 1325, The Gambia, also report 2020, includes rates for all branches of the GAF
  97. ↑ Gaza situation: The problem here is that the whole government incl all potential female employees is also a militia. Are Hamas-employed office staff, nurses and primary school teachers "military support rules"?)
  98. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Georgia
  99. ↑ Georgia foreign deploymenet: as part of the Afghanistan coalition, not UN peacekeeping
  100. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Germany
  101. ↑ UN report claims that 14.9% of the GAF are female, but inclusion in operations has proven difficult
  102. ↑ a b c d Ghana: there seem to be no legal barriers against combat roles, just traditions. Article featuring a female captain in deployment
  103. ↑ a b c d e 2020 MOWIP Ghana Report: 15% quota for women exists and is fulfilled, there are three female generals (2 retired). 1980, the women rate was 4% and 2006 it was 9%. 1965, the military had its first female pilot (the first in Africa). Women usually serve in support roles, very few in combat roles, but those positions are fully open, promoted and women do get trained. Exclusion from any international deployment lasted from 1986-1994. There are still identified hurdles and problems.
  104. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Ghana
  105. ↑ Ghana: deployed troops have rate of 19% in peacekeeping ops
  106. ↑ Guatemala Wiis-report 2020: 1395 women (--> ~6-7% rate?). Technically allowed in all positions, buuuuut...
  107. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Guatemala
  108. ↑ Guinea: There is a female general?
  109. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Guinea (flimsy powerpoint); no new action since 2013
  110. ↑ Women are deployed as peacekeepers. The presented examples are non-combat roles.
  111. ↑ 2019, p108: Guinea-Bisseau: The UNIOGBIS involved support for the integration of women into the armed forces
  112. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Guinea-Bissau; no new actions since 2011
  113. ↑ Guyana: women volunteered as early as 1967, also instastory
  114. ↑ Guyana: women have become Colonel (Facebook)
  115. ↑ a b c Honduras 2016: Female sapper (combat engineer)
  116. ↑ Honduras 2021: situations is kept unclear by female vice minister (MoD)
  117. ↑ Honduran peacekeeper deployed to Western Sahara
  118. ↑ CIA WFb on India: women made up less than of the Army, about 1% of the Air Force, and about 6% of the Navy (2023; the respective numbers are 1'250'000 / 140'000 / 65'000 --> total <1%) Now, the reported numbers of enWP are MUCH higher that those of CIA (probably because these numbers are calculating the rates just among officers!) claims of 3% rate
  119. ↑ a b India 2015: military allows female pilots
  120. ↑ enWP: en:Women in the Indian Armed Forces are restricted to non-combat roles
  121. ↑ a b c enWP: en:Indonesian Army Women's Corps (Kowad) is a segregated sub-branch in the Army; the other branches are organized likewise
  122. ↑ a b c d e f CIVIC report 2022 of Iraq's women in security
  123. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Iraq
  124. ↑ Female Kurdish militias may be sanctioned by the local de-facto regimes.
  125. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Ireland
  126. ↑ Israeli fighting women are most recently deployed in the Gaza War, ongoing as of 2024.
  127. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Italy
  128. ↑ Jamaica 2021: Women are directly integrated and trained with men
  129. ↑ a b Jamaica 2024: Female rear admiral appointed Chief of Staff who also faced combat missions as a commander
  130. ↑ Long term plan of Jamaica to participate in UN-PK missions
  131. ↑ Jamaica since 2019: First female "commandos"
  132. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Japan
  133. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Jordan
  134. ↑ 2023 MOWIP Jordan Report: only focuses on the PSD (Public Security Directorate, police personnel. Jordan reportedly increased the military personnel in UN PO to ~6.5%.
  135. ↑ Kazakhstan 2018: reports of "conscripting" women; likely a mistranslation of "contracting"
  136. ↑ a b Kazakhstan 2018: 8000 women serving, usually in dispatching, communications and medical. There are 750 officers.
  137. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Kazakhstan, only one of the goals includes female military personnel
  138. ↑ UN-PK starting in 2024
  139. ↑ a b Kazakhstan 2023: Women do military service in the positions of operators, signalmen, doctors, financiers and other professions.
  140. ↑ Katakhstan 2022: Women in the Ontustik military unit were honored for bravery, but the article doesn't mention them having been placed in a combat position (paramedic and psychologist). However, pilots are mentioned specifically.
  141. ↑ Kenya 2015: First Major General in Kenya Air Force
  142. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Kenya
  143. ↑ a b women may have been more integrated out of necessity, at the same time abuse is rampant. Women are deployed in artillery units.
  144. ↑ North Korea has female jet pilots
  145. ↑ a b c d e Article on S. Korea's army in 2020
  146. ↑ Claims of 5.5% in 2018
  147. ↑ CIA WFb: ~15,000 women served in the armed forces (2022), including about 9% of the non-commissioned and commissioned officers. (with the estimation of 300'000 professional soldiers in 2023 --> total <~5% )
  148. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, South Korea
  149. ↑ 2023: First female crew integrated on S. Korean submarines. Also, 2018, first S. Korean tank driver
  150. ↑ a b c d [Kosovo 2018: a general and other officers exist and the rate is stated.]
  151. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Kosovo, no updates since 2015
  152. ↑ a b Kuwait: since October 2021, women may serve in combat positions IF they don't carry weapons (--> that means yeah, no, but women officers were also allowed. Maybe.).
  153. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Kyrgyzstan
  154. ↑ a b c 2021: Laos has the Lao People's Army Women's Union, and gender programs are promoted. There is no update that the RLWAC (CFARL, the women's parallel army steered away from combat) has been dissolved or opened to weapons
  155. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Latvia
  156. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Lebanon
  157. ↑ 2023: first Lebanese fighter pilot
  158. ↑ a b c NAP for the Armed Forces of Liberia, 2021
  159. ↑ a b c NAP for UN-res 1325, Liberia 2019
  160. ↑ Liberia 2024: retired female Brigadier general becomes MoD
  161. ↑ The AFL was touted in 2013 as allowing women more opportunities than even the US military
  162. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Lithuania 2019
  163. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Luxembourg
  164. ↑ Luxembourg 2015: Deployment to Lithuania of "[.. 46 servicemen and women [..]"
  165. ↑ Luxembourg 2022: Defense paper with commitment to do more
  166. ↑ Madagascar 2021: First Helicopter engineer in the MAF
  167. ↑ a b c Malawi 2021: Female Capt., paratrooper and combat trainer deployed in UN PK
  168. ↑ Malawi 2023: Lt. Col. Itaye (medical)
  169. ↑ Malawi 2015: First female fighter pilot
  170. ↑ Malawi, 2000(!): First women combat soldiers in training; facilities lacking.
  171. ↑ Malawi 2015: Women are special forces, paratroopers or marines
  172. ↑ Malaysia 2018: "we surpassed that goal, we couldn't take more" because they're all assigned to communications. Combat duties? "due to their nature, it could not be done"
  173. ↑ Mali 2018: Women participate as officers in military; confirmed [Mali 2021 with first graduate from G5 Sahel Defense College.
  174. ↑ Malian Lt. Col.: a lot is still to be done
  175. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Mali 2019
  176. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Malta
  177. ↑ a b On Malta: from the context of the articles, female gunners are likely to serve combat roles; and officers are present despite the small force.
  178. ↑ Mauritania 2007: Women get drilled and certified for medical and accounting
  179. ↑ a b c d 2023 MOWIP Mexico Report: 12% rate. Women get specific combat training and are deployed cross-sectionally.
  180. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Mexico
  181. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Moldova
  182. ↑ Transnistria 2015: men are conscripted to service or alternate non-military duty; women may volunteer
  183. ↑ a b c Transnistria 2020: parades show unarmed female troops
  184. ↑ a b c d Mongolia 2022: Women may be deployed. Interview with general who confirms that most are still serving in admin jobs, but she sees change, and women are "in every sector".
  185. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Montenegro
  186. ↑ 2019: Morocco is selective compulsory with women not drafted as long as enough female volunteers are found, which happened each year since 2018.
  187. ↑ 5.6 among total military; 3% of deployed troops in international peacekeeping are women
  188. ↑ a b Morocco 2020: women are integrated and occupy officer ranks
  189. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Morocco
  190. ↑ Western Sahara 2013: Polisario has female fighters.
  191. ↑ a b c d Mozambique 2023: Paper on Women in the Mozambique Armed Forces
  192. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, Mozambique
  193. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, Namibia 2019
  194. ↑ Namibia 2015: President urges for more women officers; the officer rate was at 4% in 2019; Namibia 2021: First female Brigadier General
  195. ↑ Namibia 2018, Tangeni Shikomba: An analysis of women representation in the security sector: A case study of the Namibian Defence Force - that thesis appears rather poor on grammar but stringent on arguments, and doesn't present any findings that women are barred from any vocation in the NDF. Yet, barriers persist, and some women are promoted because of gender over merit.
  196. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, New Zealand
  197. ↑ a b Women-only corps was founded in 2018; distinctions have been won against Boko Haram (who also employ women combattants)
  198. ↑ Nigeria 2020: First female fighter pilot
  199. ↑ [1]
  200. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, North Macedonia, no further updates
  201. ↑ North Macedonia: Women training for combat in the Special Forces
  202. ↑ 2021 MOWIP Norway Report: 20% was goal for 2020. Many recruited women are not retained for long, including conscriptions: 29% was the rate among new conscripts.
  203. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Romania
  204. ↑ female Separatist/Russian tank crew member, 2019
  205. ↑ Abchasia 2021: Russian women practice grenade launching.
  206. ↑ St Kitts % Nevis 2018: Progress in gender integration
  207. ↑ St Kitts % Nevis 2022: 20 new recruits (m/f) inducted
  208. ↑ 2022 report about the situation since 1975: No women in police and military (there is a timeline that doesn't mention the restriction being lifted). Also, no indications can be found on the net.
  209. ↑ a b c d Saudi-Arabia 2023: restricted to "subaltern support roles", also segregated; women are employed as border guards for body searches
  210. ↑ Senegal 2023: self-reporting a rate of 5.5% women in an interstate panel discussion
  211. ↑ a b c 2011: Senegal's integration process identifies some hurdles to overcome
  212. ↑ Senegal 2023: First woman general,
  213. ↑ There was a MOWIP report for 2021 on Senegal's police forces, not the armed ones. Assessment of the armed forces may have been conducted in 2022/23 and a report may be forthcoming?
  214. ↑ a b Seychelles 2016: First female major
  215. ↑ a b 2024: Seychelles have a single female lieutenant serving aboard a CG navy vessel
  216. ↑ Seychelles 2023: First female pilote
  217. ↑ a b c MOWIP-Report 2022 Sierra Leone: highly illegible PDF, but graphics were not scrambled: 12% of ~7800 RSLAF members are ~1000 women (WfB states: 8500 personnel for RSLAF 2023); <2 female officer rate compared to <10 male officer rate. RSLAF has no [operational] restrictions/limits
  218. ↑ Sierra Leone 2010: women allowed although it's still a patriarchal society; first Brig. General
  219. ↑ a b c d Singapore 2022: MoD reports percentage+number of female servicewomen and officers
  220. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Slovenia
  221. ↑ 900 women in Somali army (of 25k), including Lt.-Col. Elman.
  222. ↑ Note: The Women's Charter of Somalia is not called a NAP for UN-res 1325, but appears to be treated like an equivalent by women's rights organizations.
  223. ↑ a b South Africa 2011 study: "strides were made" to improve integration, and there are even generals already, and women are on paper in all positions ("Although this may sound impressive, many of these women may wear the corps badge but are employed in personnel or logistical posts"
  224. ↑ South Africa 2022: Female jet and helicopter pilots
  225. ↑ South Sudan 2020: female Colonel urges for progress in (civil) gender equality
  226. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Spain
  227. ↑ Sudan 2024: SAF emergency-trains women batallions
  228. ↑ a b Suriname 2012: women restricted from handling heavy duty equipment, also combat
  229. ↑ Taiwan 2004 (!) had a 7% female officer rate and employed women on ships and as helicopter pilots
  230. ↑ 2017: Taiwan's first Apache helicopter pilot
  231. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Tajikistan
  232. ↑ a b NAP for UN-res 1325, East Timor
  233. ↑ East Timor 2020, enWP says that no woman ranks higher than captain; Commons has multiple images of women soldiers integrated in the troops
  234. ↑ NAP for UN-res 1325, Togo, nothing since
  235. ↑ cfe-dmha Tongo 2023: Tonga has the goal of 9-10% rate; is integrating women, but most go to support jobs and are not involved in combat.
  236. ↑ UDF female troops deployed in D.R. Congo, 2023
  237. ↑ In 2017, first women major general appointed
  238. ↑ Female Ugandan tank crew
  239. ↑ UDF female troops deployed in D.R. Congo, 2023
  240. ↑ Ukraine 2024: All previous restrictions on women in combat were removed. Women participation in the armed forces surged by 40% (numbers not points)
  241. ↑ UAE 2023: national service duties, including high ranks, but segregated
  242. ↑ UAE 2023: national service duties, including high ranks, but segregated
  243. ↑ UAE: princess in a fighter jet does not change the principle)
  244. ↑ UAE 2023: national service duties, including high ranks, but segregated
  245. ↑ []
  246. ↑ MOWIP report for Uruguay 2020: No glaring issues found, but no mention on a low number of officers like in the WIIS report.
  247. ↑ Vietnam female percentage: Women comprise of 5 percent of Vietnamese Law Enforcement and serve across all sectors, 2023 --> a good estimate is that women percentage in the army is well below those 5%. Meanwhile: "By law, female enrollment in the security sector is 10%" so therefore --> 10%! (Yeah, but retention is a thing.) While there are no available numbers on troops, the rate of women officers in 2020 was almost 3%, apparently a thing to boast over.
  248. ↑ Yemen 2021/2022: Women volunteered (and children reportedly were volunteered) for both Houthi and government forces, received weapon training, but mostly do support work
  249. ↑ Yemen 2021/2022: Women volunteered (and children reportedly were volunteered) for both Houthi and government forces, received weapon training, but mostly do support work
  250. ↑ Zambia 2023: First Brigadier General
  251. ↑ Zambia 2019: First female jet pilot in the force
  252. ↑ Zambia 2023: "Only special forces are still not open, but we consider it": combat roles are okay if women volunteer for them
  253. ↑ MOWIP report for 2020 focuses entirely on police and paramilitary.
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