File:The oil fields of Crawford and Lawrence counties (1913) (14595832910).jpg

Identifier: oilfieldsofcrawf22blat (find matches)
Title: The oil fields of Crawford and Lawrence counties
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Blatchley, Raymond S Illinois State Geological Survey
Subjects: Petroleum Petroleum
Publisher: Urbana, University of Illinois
Contributing Library: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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lower end of the screw and as it is necessary to lower the drill,a handle is turned and the tools are fed downward. The driller deter-mines the lowering of the cable by the feel of the rope or its tension,and the temper screw is adjusted accordingly. The temper screw varies in size from four to seven feet, the averagescrew-depth measuring five feet. The difference in length is due tothe spring of the hemp cable. After a screw-depth of drilling has beenaccomplished the tools are withdrawn and a bailer is lowered in thehole. The bailer or sand bucket is a long section of hollow tubing witha ball and tongue valve at the bottom. As this is lowered into the thinmud and liquid at the bottom of the well, the valve opens and allowsthe bailer to fill. The weight of the liquid closes the valve as the bailer ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Bull. No. 22, Plate XX. .Sjiiwli ! HUHS^V-»*** V ™ Mite ***■ ,, • v *\ f ■ i w» . » •▼A ■ ~~--~ ^^» -^.v- ---!_ -• „ • - l/ < te
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B. A. A modern tank-car loading- rack. B. An early tank-car loading rack. blatchley) SHOOTING OIL WELLS. 155 is lifted. When the bailer touches the ground at the mouth of thewell, the valve releases and the slush pours out. It is customary to place drive-pipe through the drift to bed rock. Asquare hammer is usually fitted to the top of the stem. The stem restsinside the pipe as. the hammer strikes the top of it. When a section isdriven its length into the hole, a second section is then coupled to thefirst and the driving is continued. The driving of the pipe is manipu-lated with the same apparatus used for spudding. The first casing isusually driven through the first salt water sand and, in the event of abad cave, also through the caved material. Casing is never driven untilit becomes necessary to do so. In case the driving of the pipe is diffi-cult, a sharp heavy shoe is attached to the bottom. Shooting the Well. When the oil-bearing stratum has been tapped and found productivethe wo

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