File:The mutation rate and spectrum of the minimal and non-minimal cell.webp

English: "a–c, The mutation rate (per nucleotide (nt) per generation (gen.)) and spectrum of the minimal and non-minimal cell were estimated from mutation-accumulation experiments. a, Although synthetic M. mycoides has the highest recorded mutation rate (base substitutions and indels), it was not affected by genome minimization. The dark coloured circles represent non-minimal (n = 85) and minimal (n = 57) clones that were sequenced at the end of the experiment. The light coloured areas represent kernel densities of the data. b, The proportions of insertions, deletions and SNMs were also the same for the minimal and non-minimal cells. c, Among SNMs, which accounted for 88% of all mutations, the minimal cell exhibited a stronger A:T bias in its mutation spectrum compared with the non-minimal cell, particularly in the C:G to T:A category. Two-sided χ2 analysis was used for hypothesis testing; ***P = 2.5 × 10−6 (A:T to G:C), ***P = 1.5 × 10−11 (C:G to G:C), ***P = 1.6 × 10−20 (C:G to T:A), ***P = 0.0003 (C:G to A:T); NS, not significant. Source Data"