File:The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment (1902) (14592839629).jpg

Identifier: firesideuniversi01mcgo (find matches)
Title: The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: McGovern, John. (from old catalog)
Subjects: Science
Publisher: Chicago, Union pub. house
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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e of wheaten stems. The true Panama hat ismade from the leaves of the screw pine. Massachusetts longhad the straw hat trade of America. In the old days, the strawhat was always soft and pliable. It is now nearly always verystiff with starch or sizing. What are the Textile Grasses f Beside flax, the very important ones (so-called) are hemp,jute, manilla, sisal grass, Tampico fibre, flag and coir yarnfrom the husk of the cocoa-nut. What great manufactures arise ottt of these materials ? Our Oil-Cloths, mats, coarse twines, clothes-lines and sailrope, matting for summer carpets, chair-bottomings, grain bagsand covering for cotton bales. As there are sometimes tenmillion bales of cotton, this alone makes an enormous industry.Accordingly, as fine Linen fabrics have become rare, coarsehemp and jute webs have increased, until now the looms and 406 THE FIRESIDE UNIVERSITY spindles of these factories are counted with pride by the census-takers. The bagging and baling of a vast country like the
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Fig. 160. THE JUTE PLANT. United States promise to increase. Our coffee and chocolatealso comes to us in bags. The bottoms of all our fine carpetsare nearly always of hemp or jute. What is to be said finally of the Textile Arts ? The wide expanse of the Cotton States was given to the cul-tivation of the Cotton fibre. The cards were placed on a cylin-der. The spindle was set on end and flying arms given to itspoint. Stretching rollers were added, each doing the work ofmany hands. Steam power was used to propel the loom. TheJacquard cards were attached to lift and depress the warp#Two or more warp beams were used. Revolving shuttle-boxessupplied different shuttles. The various lace machines weremade, weaving many kinds of mesh. The felting, napping andshearing of thick cloths began. The use of the textile grasses CLOTHES, ETC. 407 for the underside of carpets was found to be prudent. Themethods of the Turk were put into mechanical operation forvelvet carpets. The secrets of chemistry we

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