File:The cat - an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals (1881) (19965836403).jpg

Title: The cat : an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals
Identifier: catintroduction00miva (find matches)
Year: 1881 (1880s)
Authors: Mivart, St. George Jackson, 1827-1900
Subjects: Cats; Anatomy, Comparative
Publisher: New York : Scribner's
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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chap, viii.) ORGANS OF RESPIRATION AND SECRETION. 227 being lined with mucous membrane, which is supplied with numerous mucous glands. Amongst the parts formed of fibrous tissue are two internal ligaments on each side of its cavity, called the vocal cords, which are the immediate agents in the production of the voice. The whole of the inside of the larynx below these cords is coated with ciliated epithelium, and also for a short distance above them. The action of the cilia is to propel the mucous secretion towards the upper aperture of the larynx. Of the CARTILAGES OF THE LARYNX, three are median, azygos structures, and the others are arranged as a pair. The largest of the three median struc- tures is called the thyroid cartilage, which consists of two lateral parts (alee) united at an acute angle or sharp curve, opening backwards—i.e.. dorsally. Each ala is somewhat quadrilateral (an elongated paral- lelogram) with its anterior (ventral) border (where it joins its fellow of the opposite side) the shortest, while its posterior border is prolonged upwards and a little down- wards, into two rather blunt processes termed cornua. The two posterior borders are nearly vertical, with an undulating margin, and are widely separated from one another. The inferior margin of each ala is concave in front of the inferior cornu, while more anteriorly it is slightly convex, and then concave, so that there is a slight median notch at the under border of the thyroid. The superior margin of each ala is also concave in front of the superior cornu, while more anteriorly it is strongly convex, there being no notch at the point where the upper margins of the two alae meet together in front. Each ala is smooth and rather concave within, from .above downwards. The superior cornua are connected by a ligament called the thyro-hyoid ligament, with the tip of the thyro-hyal of the same side. They are also closely connected, through the medium of the thyro- and cerato-hyals, with the stylo-hyals. Each inferior cornu articulates with the outside of the cartilage to be next de- scribed. It is much shorter than the superior cornu. The cricoid cartilage is ring-shaped, and may be considered as the modified, topmost cartilage of the trachea. Greatly modified it certainly is, since, instead of being defective behind, as are the tracheal cartilages, and as is the thyroid cartilage, it is much larger, q 2
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Pig. 106.—View of the "Right Side of the Cartilages of the Cat's Larynx—seen more or less separated. The uppermost is the epiglottis (e). th. Is the thyroid, and (c) is its superior cornu. The small cartilage below is one of the arytenoids, with an articular surface for the cricoid (a), and with a small process (cl) at its summit. Beneath is the cricoid (cr , with the articular surface for the arytenoid indicated imme- diately beneath the repre- sentation of that small carti- lage. 1,2, 3, and 4, are the four upper- most rings of the trachea-

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