File:The arts in early England (1903) (14781589301).jpg

Identifier: artsinearlyengla03brow (find matches)
Title: The arts in early England
Year: 1903 (1900s)
Authors: Brown, G. Baldwin (Gerard Baldwin), 1849-1932 Webster, A. Blyth (Adam Blyth), 1882-1956 Sexton, Eric H. L. (Eric Hyde Lord), 1902-1980
Subjects: Art Architecture Architecture, Medieval Church architecture Crosses Decoration and ornament, Celtic Inscriptions, Runic
Publisher: London, J. Murray
Contributing Library: Wellesley College Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries

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, the bow, because, if it be in some degreearched, it gives room for the bunch of stuff beneath it. Thepart where the bend or spiral turn comes is called the head, andthe point and the catch come together at the foot. Alike inits bow, its head, and its foot, the early fibula passes throughmany modifications, that have been worked out from the typo-logical point of view by writers such as Otto Tischler, Riksan-tikvar Hildebrand, Professor Montelius, and O. Almgren.All we are concerned with here are those modificationswhich, occurring before the migration period, brought intoexistence the forms with which the Teutonic craftsman had todeal. From the present point of view the changes effected inthe head are of the chief importance and will be dealt withfirst. An epoch-making innovation had been introduced inthe La Tene period before the Christian era, according towhich the turns in the spiral were multiplied, and instead of1 See Frontispiece. XXXVIII EARLY FIBULAE AND FIBULAE FROM SACKRAU
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3, considerably reduced ; 4, 5, somewhat enlargedAll Continental EVOLUTION OF THE LONG FIBULA 251 being coiled on one side only of the bow, as in the modernsafety pin, were repeated with the same number of turns onthe other side. The coils were started on one side and whenthey had been carried out sufficiently far the wire was takenback across to a corresponding distance on the other side ofthe axis of the bow and other turns made from without inwards,till, when the wire was brought back to the middle, it wassent straight down towards the foot to form the pin. Anexample of this type in bronze in the Museum at Innsbruckis shown PL xxxvin, 1. This arrangement induces lateralbreadth in the fibula head which becomes an important elementin the subsequent developments. The coils were sometimescarried out on either side to a considerable distance and theythen needed a support in the form of a central axis roundwhich they were twisted, while to finish this central axis andto prevent the coils

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