File:The Horse - its treatment in health and disease, with a complete guide to breeding, training and management (1905) (14592011657).jpg

Identifier: horseitstreatmen09axej (find matches)
Title: The Horse : its treatment in health and disease, with a complete guide to breeding, training and management
Year: 1905 (1900s)
Authors: Axe, J. Wortley
Subjects: Horses
Publisher: London : Gresham
Contributing Library: Webster Family Library of Veterinary Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Tufts University

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lass, of whicha side view is given at a, fig. 668, whilst the teeth of the Protohippusand Hipparion show an advance towardsthe state of hypsodont or high-crownedteeth (b, fig. 668) which culminates inthe horse (c, in the same figure). Next in chronological order to thePhenacodus mention must be made of theHyracotherium and the Eohippus, alsofrom the Eocene, which are, so far as isat present known, the earliest direct an-cestors of the horse, the former in the Old,the latter in the New World. They may,indeed, be varieties of the same animal,and they are described as being aboutthe size of a fox. In the fore-feet therewere four well-developed toes and therudiment of another, the hind-feet hadthree toes, as represented in the Pro-torohippus (fig. a, Plate LXXI), whichmarks the next step in the order of de-velopment. The change which has takenplace in the latter animal, as will be seen by reference to the figure,consists only in the loss of the rudiment of the first digit, leaving second,
Text Appearing After Image:
Fig. 668.—Short- and Long-crownedMolar Teeth a, Anchitherium; h, Hipparion; c, Horse. 512 THE HORSES POSITION IN THE ANIMAL WORLD third, fourth, and fifth digits. It will be observed that the third ormiddle digit is the largest of the four, representing in fact what haspreviously been termed the one big digit of the horse. The Protorohippus has a well-developed ulna, a well-developed fibula,and short-crowned grinders of simple pattern. Comparing its skeleton (Plate LXX) with that of the horse, we seethat there is a general correspondence in grace and delicacy of outline inthe two animals. The next drawings (fig. 3, Plate LXXI) represent the fore- andhind-feet of the Mesohippus, from the Lower Miocene immediately suc-ceeding the Eocene in which the Protoroliippus was found. In comparingthis set of figures with those last described, it will be seen that only threeprominent digits remain in both the fore- and hind-feet, the fifth dioit

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