File:Temple of Divus Antoninus Pius and Diva Faustina, Upper Via Sacra, Rome (3824313804).jpg
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DescriptionTemple of Divus Antoninus Pius and Diva Faustina, Upper Via Sacra, Rome (3824313804).jpg |
The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is an ancient Roman temple in Rome, adapted to the church of San Lorenzo in Miranda. It stands in the Forum Romanum, on the Via Sacra, opposite the Regia. The temple was begun in 141 by the Emperor Antoninus Pius and was initially dedicated to his deceased and deified wife, Faustina the Elder. When Antoninus Pius was deified after his death in 161, the temple was re-dedicated jointly to Antoninus and Faustina at the instigation of his successor, Marcus Aurelius. The building stands on a high platform of large peperino blocks. The later of two dedicatory inscriptions says, "Divo Antonino et Divae Faustinae Ex S.C." meaning, “To the divine Antoninus and to the divine Faustina by decree of the Senate.” The ten monolithic Corinthian columns of its pronaos are 17 m. tall. The rich bas-reliefs of the frieze under the cornice, of garlanded griffons and candelabri, were often copied from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. The temple was converted to a Roman Catholic church, known as San Lorenzo in Miranda, perhaps as early as the seventh century, but it is only attested from the eleventh century Mirabilia Urbis Romae. "Miranda" may derive from the name of a benefactress. It was then thought that this was where St Lawrence had been sentenced to death. The deep grooves in the temple's columns are said to date to a medieval attempt to dismantle the pillared portico, either for spolia or to destroy what was then still seen as a pagan temple. Also in the Middle Ages, a staircase was built on the Forum side, but it is now impossible to enter from that side, as there is a gap of about six metres between the foot of the steps and the green bronze door. Before the archeological excavations, ground level was at this door. Excavations in front of the temple were undertaken in 1546, again in 1810, and at intervals from 1876. In 1429/30, Pope Martin V gave the church to the Collegio degli Speziali (College of Chemists and Herbalists), at the time officially known as the Universitas Aromatorium.[4] (They still use their adjoining guildhall, which contains a small museum that holds a medicine-receipt signed by Raphael). Side chapels were built after this date. The church was partially demolished, and the side chapels removed, in 1536, in order to restore the ancient temple for the Roman visit of Emperor Charles V.[5] The church, now constrained within the cella of the temple, was remodeled in 1602 by Orazio Torriani, creating a single nave and three new side chapels. The main altar has a canvas by Pietro da Cortona of the Martyrdom of St. Lawrence (1646), while the first chapel on the left has a Madonna and Child with Saints (1626) by Domenichino. Christianization has accounted for the survival of the cella and portico of the temple, though the marble cladding of the cella has been scavenged. Indeed, the church lacks the usual east-end apse: one was never added, to retain the temple's structural integrity. The church is normally closed to the public, but may be visited 10.00-12.00 on most Thursdays. |
Date | |
Source | Temple of Divus Antoninus Pius and Diva Faustina, Upper Via Sacra, Rome |
Author | Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany |
Camera location | 41° 54′ 11.2″ N, 12° 29′ 44.73″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 41.903110; 12.495759 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Following Hadrian at https://flickr.com/photos/41523983@N08/3824313804 (archive). It was reviewed on 18 December 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
18 December 2018
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current | 08:52, 17 December 2018 | 2,576 × 1,932 (1.27 MB) | Butko (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY |
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Camera model | KODAK V530 ZOOM DIGITAL CAMERA |
Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 00:47, 11 January 2006 |
Lens focal length | 6.2 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 230 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 230 dpi |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 00:47, 11 January 2006 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 9.3 |
APEX aperture | 4.3 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure index | 80 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 36 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |