File:Spreadthelove - Treated human melanoma cell A375.jpg

English: This image shows a human melanoma cell A375 treated with a novel gold-nanoformulation of the Cas9 protein (AuNP-Cas9) in a complex with a gRNA (red colour). The AuNP-Cas9 enters the cell without any need for a transfection method presenting a revolutionary spontaneous delivery of the Cas9 protein in human cells. The image was taken with a laser scanning confocal microscope (Eclipse Ti, Nikon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan) at a magnification of 60 x. The cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 for the nuclear visualisation, mAb to Cas9 [7A9-3A3] (ab191468) as primary Ab and anti-mouse Rhodamine Red IgG as secondary Ab, and with Alexa fluorTM 647 Phalloidin for the F-actin visualisation. This image is part of our ongoing project (I-GENE, In-vivo Gene Editing by NanotransducErs GA n. 862714 | H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-01 - RIA - Research and Innovation action) on the development of nanotrasducers as novel tools for gene editing enhancing safety, which is described in more detail in our recent paper (Schmidt TJN, Berarducci B, Konstantinidou S, Raffa V. CRISPR/Cas9 in the era of nanomedicine and synthetic biology. Drug Discov Today. 2023 Jan;28(1):103375. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103375. Epub 2022 Sep 27. PMID: 36174966.)