File:Social problems, a study of present-day social conditions (1916) (14781157365).jpg

Identifier: socialproblemss00town (find matches)
Title: Social problems, a study of present-day social conditions
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Towne, Ezra Thayer, 1873-
Subjects: Social problems
Publisher: New York : Macmillan Co.
Contributing Library: University of British Columbia Library
Digitizing Sponsor: University of British Columbia Library

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- closely to the course of studyin our grade and high schools. The principal difference isin the method, and in the apparatus that is used. Thefirst book for the bhnd was pubhshed at the Paris institu-tion in 1786, and used the raised Roman letter. The raisedletters were difficult to read, and could not be written bythe blind pupil. They have been almost completely su-perseded by the Braille system. This was invented by LouisBraille, a blind musician in Paris, in 1829, and consists of vari-ous combinations of six raised dots arranged in a group threepoints high and two wide (■.:). In the United States twomodifications of this system are used, the American Braille,and the New York Point, the latter differing from the Braillein that it uoes letters two points high and three wide, and the i
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1 The Blind 169 letters occurring the most frequently are made with the few-est dots. The great advantage of the Braille system overthe raised letter is that it is writable. By means of a smallframe and a stylus, the blind person can indent the pointsrepresenting the different letters in the paper, and then byreversing the paper he is able to read what he has writtenby following the raised points with the finger. Typewritersin the point characters are now used by many of the blind.\arious mechanical devices are used to assist the pupil inarithmetic and geometry, although, as Helen Keller says,for these subjects the best instrument is the brain, in whichfigures can be written on the memory and combined anderased with ease. * Geography is readily taught by meansof raised and dissected maps, and anatomy by the use ofmanikins which can be taken apart. In teaching the othersubjects no particular difficulty is encountered, as texts inthe point system are now printed for practically all subj

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