File:Serpentinite (Paleozoic; J.A. Vermont Verde Antique International Quarry, northeast of Rochester, Vermont, USA) 9.jpg

English: Serpentinite from the Paleozoic of Vermont, USA.

Metamorphic rocks result from intense alteration of any previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical change. This can happen as a result of regional metamorphism (large-scale tectonic events, such as continental collision or subduction), burial metamorphism (super-deep burial), contact metamorphism (by the heat & chemicals from nearby magma or lava), hydrothermal metamorphism (by superheated groundwater), shear metamorphism (in or near a fault zone), or shock metamorphism (by an impact event). Other categories include thermal metamorphism, kinetic metamorphism, and nuclear metamorphism. Many metamorphic rocks have a foliated texture, but some are crystalline or glassy.

Serpentinite is a low- to high-grade metamorphic rock formed by alteration of olivine-rich peridotites (dunites - ultramafic, phaneritic, intrusive igneous rocks). Metamorphism of olivine in the presence of water results in the formation of the mineral serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4). A metamorphic rock composed principally of serpentine is thus a serpentinite.

Serpentinite has a mottled greenish color, often has the look & feel of hard candle wax, and ranges in texture from crystalline to “foliated”. Many serpentinites have a foliated look to them, but it’s really not due to an planar alignment of crystals. The appearance of “foliated” serpentinites is really the result of extensive development of slickenlined surfaces.

Many serpentinites also have a small component of magnetite that is usually significant enough to feel a slight tug when a magnet is placed next to the rock.

Many Precambrian greenstone belts have significant occurrences of serpentinites. Slices of dunitic mantle caught up in orogenic belts by obduction (= ophiolites) are often serpentinized. Sometimes, mantle peridotite masses that were caught up in rising magmas have been serpentinized (for example, in kimberlites & lamproites).

The Vermont serpentinite seen here is from a metamorphosed body of oceanic lithospheric dunite (mantle peridotite) that is hosted in schists and quartzites of the Ottauquechee Formation (Lower Cambrian). Metamorphism occurred during the Taconic Orogeny and Acadian Orogeny (Early Paleozoic & Middle Paleozoic).

This material is derived from a serpentinite quarry where rock is made into "green marble", which is a terrible term for a type of decorative stone. Serpentinite is not marble. However, in the retail trade, "marble" is any relatively soft rock that will take a fine polish. "Green marble" is often referred to as "Verde Antique" (= "Antique Green").

Locality: J.A. Vermont Verde Antique International Quarry, eastern side of Quarry Hill Road, northeast of Rochester, northwestern Windsor County, Green Mountains, central Vermont, USA (43° 54’ 55” North latitude, 72° 48’ 26” West longitude)