File:Replica of the Kanihara rock inscriptions at Kangra Fort museum Himachal Pradesh.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionReplica of the Kanihara rock inscriptions at Kangra Fort museum Himachal Pradesh.jpg |
English: The Kanihara rock inscriptions, also referred to as Khanyara or Kanhiara inscriptions, are two line ancient inscriptions found in Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh. Each line is in a different ancient Indian alphabet. It is dated to the 1st to 2nd century CE based on script characteristics. This inscription is often studied together with the Pathiar rock inscription of Himachal Pradesh, which too is a two line inscription in the same two alphabets.
The two lines of Kanihara rock inscriptions say the same, but for an extra word, according to the Indologist Ph Vogel. In Kharoshthi, it reads "Krishamyasasa arama"; the line in Brahmi reads "Krishnayasasya arama medangisya". If we ignore the extra word, both translate to "the garden of Krishnayasas". The extra word is odd, as it translates to "fat body" – it may have been a corpulent graffiti added by someone else. The word "arama" has seen scholarly dispute, with Indologists such as Cunningham translating it as monastery. However, excavations near here and Kangra valley have yielded no evidence of any vihara such as those found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, Nepal and other regions of India. When considered with the nearby Pathiar rock inscription, the translation to "garden" is currently the most accepted scholarly interpretation. The cultural significance of the Kanihara rock inscription is that it attests to existence of community gardens in ancient India. A replica of the original rock and inscription is also present in Kangra Fort museum. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 32° 05′ 14.41″ N, 76° 15′ 21.99″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 32.087336; 76.256108 |
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[edit]This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. | |
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current | 21:56, 11 January 2024 | 4,624 × 3,468 (9.18 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-M317F |
Exposure time | 1/692 sec (0.0014450867052023) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 25 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:08, 12 May 2023 |
Lens focal length | 5.23 mm |
Latitude | 32° 5′ 14.41″ N |
Longitude | 76° 15′ 21.99″ E |
Altitude | 655 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Luminar AI |
File change date and time | 17:08, 12 May 2023 |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:08, 12 May 2023 |
APEX aperture | 1.69 |
APEX brightness | 6.72 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1.69 APEX (f/1.8) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
IIM version | 2 |