File:Odorographia - a natural history of raw materials and drugs used in the perfume industry - intended to serve growers, manufacturers and consumers (1892) (14783238102).jpg

Identifier: odorographianatu02sawe (find matches)
Title: Odorographia : a natural history of raw materials and drugs used in the perfume industry : intended to serve growers, manufacturers and consumers
Year: 1892 (1890s)
Authors: Sawer, J. Ch. (John Charles)
Subjects: Perfumes Aromatic plants Flavoring essences
Publisher: London : Gurney & Jackson
Contributing Library: The LuEsther T Mertz Library, the New York Botanical Garden
Digitizing Sponsor: The LuEsther T Mertz Library, the New York Botanical Garden

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the condenser withbrass unions, through which the pipes pass. The connectingpipe and worm condenser are of tin. At the base of the condenseris a dome-shaped tinned-copper vessel for receiving the condensed.solvent; this part is provided with a glass water-guage,by means of w^hich the amount of fluid distilled over canbe known. The water pump for effecting the exhaust is attachedto the condenser. The operation is conducted as with the smaller.apparatus above described; air being allowed to enter gentlywhen the solvent has distilled over. The solvent is drawn offby the tap at the lower part of the condenser and the volatileoil by the tap at the lower part or the vessel correspondingto an ordinary still. Stills of this description, termed vacuumstills, are made in all sizes, and more or less modified in structureto suit different purposes and the scale on which operations 356 ODOEOGEAPHIA. are conducted. On the large scale the vacuum is producedby an air-pump worked by steam power.* -^n^
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« T^— —r 1 !- 1—r The following are some of the forms of aspirators, orvacuum-pumps in use for small work. In these arrangements,valves are dispensed with:—Fig. 6 is the Sprengel: a glasstube, somewhat longer than a barometer tube, dips into avessel containing mercury. An outlet near the top of thi&tube is connected to the vessel to be exhausted by meansof a well-fitting piece of india-rubber tubing. The upperend of the glass tube is connected to a funnel by tubing whichis provided with a clamp to enaljle it to be compressed if * Such stills are made in London hj J. Shears & Son and by A. Olilson. InFrance they are made by Deroy, Paris-Grenelle ; Erojot, Paris ; and Berjot,Caen. These names are mentioned for the information and convenience ofpersons desirous of establishing; business of this nature. Vacuum stills con-structed on this principle aie used for extracting the concrete essences mentioned in 1st Series, p. 6.3. FEKMEXT OILS. 357 necessary. The funnel, suppor

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