File:Making both ends meet - the income and outlay of New York working girls (1911) (14597757707).jpg

Identifier: makingbothendsme00claruoft (find matches)
Title: Making both ends meet : the income and outlay of New York working girls
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Clark, Mrs. Sue Ainslie Wyatt, Edith Franklin, 1873-
Subjects: Women -- Employment Wages -- New York (City) Cost and standard of living -- New York (City)
Publisher: New York : Macmillan
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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e rule to talkto and deal with only one man at a time, since we are not dealingwith men in masses, but are trying to develop each individualman to his highest state of efficiency and prosperity. The 75men in the gang were carefully watched and studied for threeor four days, at the end of which time we had picked out fourmen who were believed to be physically able to handle pig-ironat the rate of 47 tons per day. A careful study was then madeof each of these men.. . . Finally one man was selected fromamong the four as the most likely man to start with. This man, who had been receiving $1.15 a day,agreed to follow for $1.85 a day the directions of thetime-student, who had determined the proportionand intervals of rest necessary for the regular accom-plishment of the task, without overstrain or unduefatigue. The worker started to carry his accustomedload and at regular intervals was told by the time-student, observing the proper period for rest andwork with a watch: Now pick up a pig and
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SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT 229 walk. Now sit down and rest. Now, walk — now,rest, etc. He walked when he was told to walk and rested when hewas told to rest, and at half past five in the afternoon had his471 tons loaded on the car. And he practically never failed towork at this pace and to do the task that was set him duringthe three years that the writer was at Bethlehem. . . . Through-out this time, he averaged a little more than $1.85 a day;whereas he had never received more than $1.15 a day, whichwas the ruHng wage at that time in Bethlehem. . . . One manafter another was picked out and trained to handle pig-iron atthe rate of 47^ tons a day, until all of the pig-iron was handledat this rate, and all of this gang were receiving sixty per centmore wages than other men around them. A very brilliant and extended investigation con-cerning the elimination of waste of human energyand labor by motion-study has been made indepen-dently of Mr, Taylor by Mr. Frank Gilbreth, whosediscoveries in

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