File:Locomotive engineering - a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock (1897) (14781552483).jpg

Identifier: locomotiveengine10hill (find matches)
Title: Locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock
Year: 1892 (1890s)
Authors: Hill, John A. (John Alexander), 1858-1916 Sinclair, Angus, 1841-1919
Subjects: Railroads Locomotives
Publisher: New York : A. Sinclair, J.A. Hill (etc.)
Contributing Library: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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lurgical engineer. In 1845 the rail mills were being built,and stronger and better workmanshipwas required. These mills were all geared,but the shafts were generally turned up,and wheels all bored out, and fitted up in all the new mills that were built weredriven direct, without gearing, and muchstronger and better in every way. It wasduring this time that the great changesand improvements were being made inrolling-mill and blast furnace machinery,and also in machine-shop tools of allkinds, which enabled much better work tobe turned out than had been previouslypossible. In 1864 the Bessemer process was in-troduced, and it soon became evident thatit would in a short time revolutionize theiron business. Its introduction and per-fection will ever remain one of the mostinteresting and important epochs in thewhole history of the iron business. Itwas now that the men who had been intraining were called to the front. In order to show what the Bessemerprocess can do in coal and labor, as com-
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AN ILLINOIS CENTRAL EXPRESS FREIGHT TRAIN. ing mill and into bars for the smith by ahelve hammer. The furnaces, forges andmills were all driven by water-power,and were kept in order by what was some-times called a forge carpenter or mill-wright. At this time the mills were allgeared, the shafts being square, hexagonor octagon, according to the fancy of themillwright; the wheels were secured onthe square shafts by wooden blocks, and inthem were driven thin iron wedges; thesegments of the wheels were secured tothe center in the same manner; the rollhousings were all set on wood. All thiscrude machinery the millwright wascalled on to keep in running order;consequently he became an importantman. In 1840 the use of anthracite coal andcoke in blast furnaces was commenced.This required a much higher pressure of a much better manner, which requiredmore skill and better workmen. Pud-dling now became an important branchof the iron business, and the Old Harrywas generally to pay to get the balls

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