File:Kyanite 1.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionKyanite 1.jpg |
English: Kyanite (upper blade is 4.5 cm long; middle blade is 6.8 cm long; lower blade is 5.0 cm long)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are about 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4. The simplest & most abundant silicate mineral in the Earth's crust is quartz (SiO2). All other silicates have silica + impurities. Many silicates have a significant percentage of aluminum (the aluminosilicates). The aluminum silicate mineral kyanite (Al2SiO5) is easy to identify. It has long, bladed crystals, a typically pale blue to dark blue coloration, and one cleavage plane. Kyanite is the best example of a mineral with variable hardness - it has a hardness of about 5 along the length of the blades and a hardness of about 7 across the blades. This mineral is usually encountered in some intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic rocks. Kyanite also occurs in some pegmatites (= very coarsely-crystalline, intrusive igneous rocks). Photo gallery of kyanite: www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=2303 |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/32728201325/ |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/32728201325. It was reviewed on 23 February 2023 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
23 February 2023
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 17:40, 23 February 2023 | 1,183 × 759 (1.27 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/32728201325/ with UploadWizard |
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Width | 1,212 px |
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Height | 793 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 400 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 400 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 12:22, 5 February 2017 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Color space | sRGB |
Unique ID of original document | A85B6C482FE9722A0565E6BA49FF6956 |
Date and time of digitizing | 07:21, 5 February 2017 |
Date metadata was last modified | 07:22, 5 February 2017 |