File:Independence Park (6315721106).jpg
Original file (1,600 × 1,063 pixels, file size: 379 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary[edit]
DescriptionIndependence Park (6315721106).jpg |
In the distance to the left stands Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776. Later on, when it became clear that the United States of America was not working out under the Articles of Confederation, delegates gathered there again to work on a new basic document, called the Constitution. The Constitution was adopted in 1787, and went into force the next year by ratification by nine of the thirteen states; the United States became the first country in the world to run a constitutional government, rather than one based on common customary law. In front is a marker with the First Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1791. While the Constitution had spelled out the inner workings of the three branches of the US federal government, it had not explicitly spelled out the rights that the people had under the new country's laws, and given that the US had broken away from the British crown over its infringement of people's freedoms, it was necessary to enumerate people's explicit rights. To that end, ten amendments were tacked on to the Constitution in the early 1790s, and they form the Bill of Rights. Over the years, an additional seventeen amendments were added to the Constitution to further define rights and responsibilities, including the end of slavery, extension of voting rights to people of color and women, clarification of the income tax, the Prohibition on alcohol (and its repeal), and term limits on the President. The First Amendment does a lot to establish the basic rights of Americans, by guaranteeing them the right to free exercise of religion, a secular government, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom to petition the government for righting its wrongs. The United States Constitution can be amended with a two-third majority of Congress or a constitutional convention, followed by ratification by three-fourths of the states. One provision of the Constitution - assigning two seats per each state to the United States Senate, regardless of the state's population - is prohibited from amendment. Today, when a Tea Party protester whines about the Obama Administration's "infringement" of the Constitution, it is most likely based on a very hardline interpretation of the Second Amendment (right to bear arms) and the Tenth Amendment (powers delegated to individual states), rather than the understanding of the Bill of Rights, and the Constitution itself, as a whole. (They easily seem to forget the First Amendment's religious guarantees and restrictions, as well as the Constitution's procedures for incorporating foreign treaties into US law.) |
Date | |
Source | Independence Park |
Author | InSapphoWeTrust from Los Angeles, California, USA |
Camera location | 39° 56′ 57.62″ N, 75° 08′ 59.93″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 39.949338; -75.149981 |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 27 January 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 16:19, 27 January 2013 | 1,600 × 1,063 (379 KB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:russavia |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D5000 |
Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 500 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:32, 26 October 2011 |
Lens focal length | 22 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 9.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 10:45, 5 November 2011 |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:32, 26 October 2011 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.643856 |
APEX aperture | 6.918863 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Subject distance | 1.41 meters |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 33 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Image width | 1,600 px |
Image height | 1,063 px |
Serial number of camera | 3517011 |
Lens used | 18.0-55.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 03:45, 5 November 2011 |
Unique ID of original document | A9A0EDCF05DCF39B22CE0987E3A42E78 |