File:Image from page 47 of "Practical methods of organic chemistry" (1901) (14769263994).jpg

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Identifier: practicalmethods00gatt Title: Practical methods of organic chemistry Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Gattemann, Ludwig. [from old catalog] Subjects: Publisher: [n.p.] Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress


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Text Appearing Before Image: Fig. 21. with a thin layer of collodion, there is no difficulty in obtaining avacuum. The thermometer and capillary tube may be arranged as shown in Fig. 19. It is alsoa very excellent arrangementto use a two-hole cork, thethermometer passing throughone, and the capillary tubethrough the other, as in Fig.21. The capillary tube ismade by drawing out a glasstube of 1-2 mm. diameter;the narrow hole in the corkthrough which this passes ismade conveniently by a hotknitting-needle. Instead ofusing a capillary tube toprevent bumping, other

Text Appearing After Image: Fig. 22. DISTILLATION 29 means may be employed (see below), in which case the ther-mometer is supported in the fractionating flask as in ordinarydistillations. When a tube drawn out toa capillary point is used, a short piece ofthick-walled rubber tubing, which can beclosed by a screw pinch-cock (Fig. 19, eand c), is attached to the upper end. The flasks recommended by Claisen(Fig. 24) may be used advantageously invacuum distillations in place of the com-mon fractionating flasks. A tube drawnout to a capillary point is secured in thelimb a by a piece of thick-walled rubbertubing or a cork. The thermometer isinserted in b. When a few large pieces ofbroken glass are placed in b, these flaskspossess the advantage of preventing por-tions of the liquid (even in cases of violentboiling) from being carried over into the condenser. The spaceabove the pieces of broken glass may be filled, partially or


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