File:Image from page 443 of "Aquatic insects of California, with keys to North American genera and California species" (1956).jpg

English: Title: Aquatic insects of California, with keys to North American genera and California species

Identifier: aquaticinse00usin Year: 1956 (1950s) Authors: Usinger, Robert L. (Robert Leslie), 1912-1968 Subjects: Aquatic insects; Insects Publisher: Berkeley, University of California Press Contributing Library: University of Connecticut Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation

View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book

Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.

Text Appearing Before Image: 428 Wirth and Stone: Diptera 12 hooks; habits clambering (fig. 14:380 (DASYHE- LEINAE) Dasyhelea Kieffer — Last body segment without proleg or hooks, with fine hairs only; habits swimming (fig. 14:39ee; 14:42A) (HELEINAE) 5 5. Head short and thick, not more than 1.5 times as long as broad (fig. 14:39aW); body segments each slightly longer than head 6 — Head long, more than twice as long as broad (fig. 14:42t,;'); body segments long and slender 7 6. Head pear-shaped; body segments wider than head; length more than 5 mm Palpomyia Meigen (part), Sphaeromias Curtis — Head oval; body segments not wider than head; length 4-5 mm. , Culicoides Latreille 7. Anal hairs as long as, or longer than, last segment alluaudomyia Kieffer — Anal hairs usually shorter than last segment (fig. 14:42A) Palpomyia Meigen (part, Bezzia Kieffer, Johannsenomyia Malloch Pupae 1. Pupa with larval exuviae attached to last 3 segments (fig. 14:39m); respiratory organ short, knoblike (fig. 14:39Z,M) (FORCIPOMYIINAE) 2 - Pupa free from larval exuviae; respiratory organ elon- gated (fig. 14:39n-q,u,v) 3 2. Abdomen with branched or setaceous projections on first 5 segments (fig. 14:416) Atrichopogon Kieffer - Abdomen with spines or stumplike projections on all but last segment (fig. 14:39ii) Forcipomyia Meigen 3. Anal segment with pair of setigerous protuberances in addition to apicolateral processes (fig. 14:39s) (DASY- HELEINAE) Dasyhelea Kieffer - Anal segment without additional setigerous protuber- ances (fig. 14:42o-<) 4 4. Respiratory organ ending in short, dark, ovate, or barrel-shaped structure with about 10 spiracles (fig. 14:406,d) (LEPTOCONOPINAE) Leptoconops Skuse - Respiratory organ funnel-shaped, clavate, or tubular (fig. 14:42a-/,A) (HELEINAE) 5 5. Respiratory organ funnel-shaped, entirely covered with scales; with spiracles in pairs (fig. 14:38u) Alluaudomyia Kieffer - Respiratory organ clavate or tubular, with spiracles not in pairs 6 6. Respiratory organ tubular (fig. 14:39u,fl,y) 7 - Respiratory organ clavate or spoon-shaped 8 7. Respiratory organ with constriction near base; oper- culum without spines . . Stilobezzia Kieffer - Respiratory organ with constriction at basal 4th or 3rd, operculum with spines (fig. 14:39io,£) Culicoides Latreille Operculum with 1 pair of setae (fig. 14:42^) Palpomyia Meigen Operculum with 2 to 4 pairs of setae (fig. 14:42Z-n) Bezzia Kieffer California Species of Heleidae Subfamily LEPTOCONOPINAE Genus Leptoconops Skuse (Figs. 14:37oe; 14:40) Species of Leptoconops are most prevalent in desert and semidesert regions the world over. The shiny black females with milky white wings are vicious biters, preferring to attack in the open in the bright 8 Anterior pharyngeal arch^ Posterior pharyngeal arch Dorsomedian rod Horizontal [" pharyngeal arch Antennal arch

Text Appearing After Image: Fig. 14:40. Leptoconops. a,<z,d, L. torrens (Towns.). Larva: a, cutaway view of head and two thoracic segments. Pupa: c, caudal segments; d, respiratory organ, b, L. kerteszi K., pupa, ventral view (Smith and Loew, 1948). sunlight. The biology of the "Bodega gnat" and the "Valley black gnat," our two commonest American species, has been described in detail by Smith and Lowe (1948). The orange-colored larvae of L. kerteszi Kieffer, the Bodega gnat, seem to prefer sandy soil near the water line in tidal marshes or on saline lake margins of'the western states, whereas those of L. torrens (Townsend), the valley black gnat, have been found in wet sinks of the finely compacted clay- adobe soil regions of the western Sacramento Valley and Santa Clara Valley. Development is slow, requir- ing a year for a generation of kerteszi and at least two years for torrens. Keys to the California Species of Leptoconops Adults 1. Frons with numerous long hairs; basitarsi with 15 to 20 short, stout, dark spines (fig. 14:37a-<i); body and legs with vestiture of dense, long hairs; coastal marshes in Ventura County; Monterey County; San Nicolas Island freeborni Wirth 1952 — Frons bare or with a pair of short hairs between eyes; basitarsi with no more than 8 slender spines; body and legs with sparse hairs, mostly short 2 2. Antenna of female 14-segmented (flagellum 12-seg- mented); basitarsi with no strong differentiated ventral spines; 9th tergite of male with 2 long, widely spaced, apicolateral processes; west side of Central Valley; Santa Clara Valley; Riverside County torrens (Townsend) 1893 — Antenna of female 13-segmented (flagellum 11-seg- mented); basitarsi with 2 to 8 spines; 9th tergite of male with a caudomesal pair of short processes (fig. 14:37e); coa.stal salt marshes and salt and alkaline lakes throughout California kerteszi Kieffer 1908 Larvae 1. Mature larva orange colored; body with apparently 23

Note About Images

Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.