File:Fossil wood (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; Nazlini, Arizona, USA) 2 (25194014793).jpg
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DescriptionFossil wood (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; Nazlini, Arizona, USA) 2 (25194014793).jpg |
Quartz-permineralized fossil wood from the Triassic of Arizona, USA. Plants are multicellular, photosynthetic eucaryotes. The oldest known land plant body fossils are Silurian in age. Fossil root traces of land plants are known back in the Ordovician. The Devonian was the key time interval during which land plants flourished and Earth experienced its first “greening” of the land. The earliest land plants were small and simple and probably remained close to bodies of water. By the Late Devonian, land plants had evolved large, tree-sized bodies and the first-ever forests appeared. The fossil shown above is "petrified wood", which is a horrible term for what is technically called permineralized wood. Biogenic materials such as wood or bone have a fair amount of small-scale porosity. After burial, the porosity of wood or bone can get partially or completely filled up with minerals as groundwater or diagenetic fluids percolate through. The end result is a harder, denser material that retains the original three-dimensionality (or close to it). The wood or bone has become “petrified”. Well, no - it’s become permineralized. The most common permineralization mineral is quartz (SiO2). Sometimes, fossil wood or bone has been permineralized with radioactive minerals such as black uraninite (UO2) or yellowish carnotite (K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O). Recently, fossil bones permineralized with cinnabar have been identified (García-Alix et al., 2013, Lethaia 46: 1-6). The reddish coloration in the specimen shown above is from hematite impurity (Fe2O3 - iron oxide). Stratigraphy: Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic Locality: unrecorded site at or near Nazlini, north-central Apache County, northeastern Arizona, USA |
Date | |
Source | Fossil wood (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; Nazlini, Arizona, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/25194014793 (archive). It was reviewed on 7 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
7 November 2019
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current | 03:29, 7 November 2019 | 2,945 × 2,482 (5.02 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Date and time of data generation | 20:38, 14 December 2015 |
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Image title | |
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Orientation | Normal |
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Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 19:11, 15 March 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 20:38, 14 December 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
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APEX exposure bias | −1 |
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File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 13:11, 15 March 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | FD9C4BCAEA161B8A057FCD36381515BD |
IIM version | 12,807 |