File:Forest physiography; physiography of the United States and principles of soils in relation to forestry (1911) (14590073499).jpg

Identifier: forestphysiograp01bowm (find matches)
Title: Forest physiography; physiography of the United States and principles of soils in relation to forestry
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Bowman, Isaiah, 1878-1950
Subjects: Physical geography Forests and forestry Soils
Publisher: New York, J. Wiley & sons (etc., etc.)
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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Pacific Cordillera. The greater part of the mountain forests of the United States isfound in the Transition province which includes the cool temperateportions of the country with a generally high mean annual precipitation.The mean annual temperature is about 45°, but the temperature is ingeneral marked by frequent and sudden changes. Snow falls through-out the entire province, though it is variable in amount owing to differ-ences of elevation, exposure, etc. In the northern portion of this province both broad-leaved deciduoustrees and conifers grow; similarly in the west, scattered growths of oak,pinon pine, and sycamore of the lower mountain slopes mingle or shadeinto the spruce and yellow and white pines of the upper slopes. Theprovince as a whole has few distinctive plants; it is marked rather bythe mingling of southern species that here find their northern (on themountains their upper) limit and of northern species which find theirsouthern (or lower) limit of occurrence. PLATE I
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Scale of Miles160 15 SO 25 0 • li5o 200 sSo Plate I. — Climatic and Life Provinces of North America. PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC, AND FOREST REGIONS 123 1 The western division of the Upper Austral province is so dry thatagriculture without irrigation is impossible and tree growth is limited tothe heads of the better watered alluvial fans and the banks of streams..The eastern portion of the province was originally covered with a variedand dense forest of hickory, maple, oak, and chestnut, as in the OhioValley and the Piedmont and the Appalachian Plateaus. The climateis warm temperate, with a long summer season. The Lower Austral province resembles the Upper in the western partof the country in its general treelessness except along the streams.East of the looth meridian the climate is wetter, and throughout theentire Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plain the temperature and rainfall arefavorable to the growth of great forests of southern species of pine andof cypress. The winters are very mil

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