File:Ectenocrinus simplex fossil crinoids (Kope Formation, Upper Ordovician; Petersburg, Kentucky, USA) 2.jpg
Original file (4,000 × 2,769 pixels, file size: 5.65 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionEctenocrinus simplex fossil crinoids (Kope Formation, Upper Ordovician; Petersburg, Kentucky, USA) 2.jpg |
English: Ectenocrinus simplex (Hall, 1847) - fossil crinoids in fossiliferous limestone from the Ordovician of Kentucky, USA. (CMC IP38442, Cincinnati Museum of Natural History & Science, Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA)
Crinoids (sea lilies) are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, stalked echinoderms that are relatively common in the marine fossil record. Crinoids are also a living group, but are relatively uncommon in modern oceans. A crinoid is essentially a starfish-on-a-stick. The stick, or stem, is composed of numerous stacked columnals, like small poker chips. Stems and individual columnals are the most commonly encountered crinoid fossils in the field. Intact, fossilized crinoid heads (crowns, calices, cups) are unusual. Why? Upon death, the crinoid body starts disintegrating very rapidly. The soft tissues holding the skeletal pieces together decay and the skeleton falls apart. The rock shown above is the underside of a fossiliferous limestone bed from the Upper Ordovician of Kentucky. The long structures are stretches of articulated crinoid stems. The brush-like structures are intact crinoid heads of Ectenocrinus simplex. Notice the overall oriented nature of the stems and crowns - they were likely rolled on the seafloor by storm currents before final burial. The presence of multiple, articulated crinoid heads indicates rapid burial - a thicket of Ectenocrinus crinoids on an ancient, relatively shallow seafloor was knocked down by a storm event and buried. Limestone beds that represent storm events are called tempestites. Classification: Animalia, Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Disparida, Homocrinidaee Stratigraphy: Kope Formation, Edenian Stage, lower Cincinnatian Series, lower Upper Ordovician Locality: Petersburg, northwestern Boone County, far-northern Kentucky, USA See info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crinoid |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/26993255180/ |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/26993255180. It was reviewed on 30 November 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
30 November 2020
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 15:44, 30 November 2020 | 4,000 × 2,769 (5.65 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/26993255180/ with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
The following page uses this file:
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/9 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:09, 30 April 2016 |
Lens focal length | 7.2 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:50, 26 May 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:09, 30 April 2016 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX shutter speed | 5.9068905902692 |
APEX aperture | 6.3398500267809 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.3561438092556 APEX (f/3.2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905405405 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 07:50, 26 May 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | 989025D308C0F8E0D1AEE6431D14044D |