File:Chlaenius spray diagram Eisner et al 1963.png

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English: Diagrams of Chlaenius, showing how the beetle aims its spray by bending the tip of the abdomen. At a, the beetle is at rest; at b, the discharge is in response to stimulation of a hind leg; at c, the target is a stimulated middle or anterior leg.
Date
Source T. Eisner, J. J. Hurst, and J. Meinwald, “Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. XI. The Structure, Function, and Phenolic Secretions of the Glands of a Chordeumoid Millipede and a Carabid Beetle,” Psyche, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 94-116, 1963. doi:10.1155/1963/69817
Author T. Eisner, J. J. Hurst, and J. Meinwald

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