File:Characteristic equations for saturated and superheated steam (1913) (14778142134).jpg

Identifier: characteristiceq00simm (find matches)
Title: Characteristic equations for saturated and superheated steam
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Simmering, Siebelt Luke
Subjects: Steam Steam, Superheated Theses
Publisher:
Contributing Library: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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and included the specific volumes ofsaturated and superheated steam. To determine the validity of Battellis discussion Knob-lauch, Linde, and Klebe-1- conducted a series of experimentsat the Hoyal Technical High School at Munich. These experi-ments extended over a period of three years and great carewas exercised to eliminate errors and because of this,their results are considered to be very trustworthy. To calculate the specific volumes, use was made of theClapeyron-Clausius equation, £=at;£. u dT The results of the Knoblauch, Linde, and Klebe experiments are shown graphically in Fig. 1. If now from any proposed equation a set of values for 4^ be determined and compared with the slopes as calcu-dT I v lated from Fig. 1, there exists at once a check as to thevalidity of the proposed equation. Examination of Fig. 1however shows that too much emphasis need not be placed up-on the slopes at the high temperature conditions since theexperimental points were few and the temperature range
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3 small, so that several lines having different slopes may bemade to represent substantially the conditions. As the com-parison of the various values of the specific volumes willbe referred to later it will not be necessary to make it atthis time. The PV - P diagram affords a good means of comparing ex-perimental points and calculated points from any character-istic equation. Pig. 2 gives a comparison of the isother-mals of Battelli, Regnault -Zeuner and the Munich experi-ments. The Begnault - Zeuner points were determined using A= —i- instead of A = —as used in the Munich experiments,424 427 . so that the Regnault - Zeuner and Munich points lie muchcloser together than the figure would indicate. From thisfact it is to be concluded, that the Munich experiments re-present the true conditions very closely. Another set of experiments bearing on a different phase of this subject, namely specific heats, was performed by5 Regnault. From his early experiments on specific heats heconclude

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